GI Disease- Ward Flashcards

1
Q

alcohol abuse increases risk of what three cancers?

A

esophageal, colorectal, liver

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2
Q

Most digestive diseaseses (blank) with age.
Except, what occurs in infants?
Young and middle aged adults?
What do women get more than men?

A

increase

gastroenteritis, appendicitis

Hemorrhoids, IBD, chronic liver disease

non ulcer dyspepsia and IBS

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3
Q

What is sjorgrens syndrome?

A

autoimmne disease that attacks tears and saliva

-dry mouth and dry eyes

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4
Q

What is the birds beak sign indicative of?
What are the characteristics of this?
What is the tx?

Is there a cure?

A

achalasia

  • intra esophageal pressure
  • failure of relaxation of LES

Nifedipine, endoscopic balloon dilation, laparascopic myotomy, peroral endoscopic myotomy and botulinum toxin

NOpe cuz none of them fix the loss of enteric nerves or ICC

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5
Q

Whats the best tx for achalasia?

A

-laparascopic myotomy

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6
Q

What is this:

esophageal squamos epithelium is replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells and paneth cells

A

barretts esophagus

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7
Q

What is this:
in-situ squamos carcinoma displays full thickness replacement of the epithelium with severely dysplastic cells. BM is intact w/ no evidence of invasion into the LP

A

Squamos cell carcinoma

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8
Q

How do you test for GERD and baretts esophagus?

A

Manometry-pH probe, upper endoscopy, biopsies

barium swallow x ray

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9
Q
What is average age of barretts esophagus?
What gender?
What is a risk factor?
prognosis?
tx?
A
  • 55
  • male (2X)
  • GERD
  • can progress to cancer where survival is less than 1 year
  • benzimidazoles (PPI) block the final step of H/K ATPase in parietal cell. Aspirin and NSAIDs thought to prevent esophageal cancer in pnts with Barrett’s esophagus
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10
Q

What is this:
A gastrointestinal motility disorder of the stomach.

Characterized by delayed emptying of food from the stomach into the small bowel in the absence of mechanical obstruction.

A

gastroparesis

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11
Q
What are these associated with:
Alcohol.
Anticholinergic drugs.
Calcium channel blockers.
Dopamine agonists.
Histamine (H2) receptor antagonists.
Nicotine.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
A

Gastroparesis

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12
Q

How do you identify gastroparesis?

A
  • endoscopy (for bezoars)
  • US distinguishers gall bladder from gastroparesis
  • scintigraphy (egg meal)
  • smart pill (cant have GI problems)
  • paracetamol/acetaminophen testing
  • octanoic acid breath test
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13
Q

What drugs stimulate gastric emptying?

A

antiemetic
gastroprokinetic
metoclopramide

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14
Q

Hydrogen breath test?
Urea breath test?
Octanoic acid breath test?

A

lactose intolerance
H. pylori
Gastroporesis

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15
Q

What can lead to gastroparesis?

A
  • DM
  • Autonomic neuropathy
  • Myopathy
  • Viral infections
  • Abnormalities interstitial cells of Cajal
  • Nitric oxide synthase
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16
Q

How do you treat gastroparesis?

A
optimize glycemic control
avoid exacerbating factors
dietary mod
prokinetics
intrapyloric botox
enteral nutrition
gastric pacing
surgery
17
Q

What is metoclopramide and what does it do?

A

dopamine antagonist-> increases tone and gastric contractions (only FDA approve)

18
Q

What is erythromycin?

A

motilin receptor agonist, stimulates migrating motor complex

19
Q

What is cisapride?

A

serotonin stimulation

20
Q

2 places you get PUD? Where is more common and what do you get a bigger risk of?

A

stomach and duodenum

duodenal -> risk of malignancy

21
Q

What is this:
Episodes of projectile, nonbilious vomiting.
Present any time in the first weeks to months of life and often gets progressively worse.
olive shaped mass. Lots of projectile vomiting. Hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis

A

Pyloric stenosis

22
Q

What is this:
The intestinal walls are hypomotile. The condition resembles a true obstruction, but no such blockage exists. Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, malabsorption of nutrients, weight loss and/or failure to thrive, enlargement of various parts of the small intestine or bowel also occur.

How do you treat?

A

Intestinal pseudoobstruction

surgical removal

23
Q

Secondary intestinal pseudoobstruction may be caused by (blank x 3)

A

scleroderma, muscular dystrophy, MS

24
Q

What causes gall stones?

A

too much cholesterol
too much bilirubin
not enough bile salts

25
Q

What are the 2 types of gallstones?

A

cholesterol and pigment stones

26
Q

Gallstones affect which gender more?
What are they stones usually?
how do you treat?

A

women
cholesterol
laparoscopic cholecystectomy

27
Q

(blank) are outpocketings of the mucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the wall.

A

diverticula

28
Q

What is this:
A bulge in the small intestine present at birth. Avestigial remnant of the yolk stalk, and the most frequent malformation of the GI tract being present in 2% of the population.

A

Mickels diverticulum

high fiber and increased bowel movements put you at risk

29
Q

Possible causes of IBS?

A
  • brain gut signal problems
  • GI motor problems
  • Hypersensitivity
  • mental health problems
  • bacterial gastroenteritis
  • small intestinal bacterial overgrowthh
  • altered neurotransmitter
30
Q

What is IBD?
When is onset?
What are other complications?

A

chrohns and UC
young adulthood
-anemia, skin rashes, arthritis, eye inflammation

31
Q

Tx for IBD?

A
  • cyclosporine
  • biologics (infliximab
  • corticosteroids
  • immunosuppressants
  • antibiotics
  • aminosalicyates
  • surgery
32
Q

(blank) (also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon) is the MOST COMMON cause of lower intestinal blockage (obstruction) in the newborn and later a cause of chronic constipation or chronic diarrhea.

What causes it?
What gender is more common in?

A

Hirschsprung Disease

absence of enteric nerves (ganglia) in the bowel wall

white males

33
Q

How can you tell the difference between anal fissures and hemorrhoids?

A

anal fissures hurt with bowel movements