GI Tract II

Question 1

plicae circularis (valves of Kerckring), villi, microvilli

Answer 1

increase surface area of small intestine lumen

Question 2

simple tubular glands in small intestine that extend from epithelium to muscularis mucosae

Answer 2

crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands)

Question 3

border of enterocytes

Answer 3

striated

Question 4

what happens to lipids once absorbed by enterocytes

Answer 4

reesterified to triglycerides,
converted to chylomicrons,
released into lamina propria,
absorbed by central lacteals

Question 5

Disaccharidases and peptidases secreted from enterocytes

Answer 5

bind microvilli, produce monosaccharides and amino acids for absorption

Question 6

goblet cells are MORE abundant in the (duodenum/ileum)

Answer 6

Ileum

Question 7

enteroendocrine cells synthesize in the intesine

Answer 7

hormones, vasoactive peptides

Question 8

where are most of the enteroendocrine cells in the intestine

Answer 8

basal portion of crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 9

exocrine cells found at the base of crypts in intestine; have large eosinophilic granules of lysozyme (antibacterial)

Answer 9

paneth cells

Question 10

what enzyme controls intestinal flora; in what cells is it found

Answer 10

lysozyme, paneth cells

Question 11

found only in the ileum; cover Peyer’s patches; discontinuous basement membrane beneath

Answer 11

M (microfold) cells

Question 12

Peyer’s patches, IgA, and secretory component are all associated with

Answer 12

GALT

Question 13

where are antigens from intestinal lumen taken up

Answer 13

Peyer’s patches, by M cells

Question 14

Peyer’s patches are covered with

Answer 14

M cells

Question 15

where is IgA secreted in the gut

Answer 15

plasma cells in Peyer’s patches - part of GALT

Question 16

basement membrane protein associated with GALT, forms part of sIgA

Answer 16

secretory component

Question 17

Brunner’s glands are characteristic of

Answer 17

duodenum

Question 18

the most highly developed plicae circularis is in

Answer 18

jejunum

Question 19

Peyer’s patches are unique to ____, and this part of the small intestine has the highest number of goblet cells

Answer 19

ileum

Question 20

colon, cecum, qppendix, rectum, anal canal

Answer 20

large intestine

Question 21

plicae semiluminares are found in

Answer 21

colon, cecum

Question 22

no villi, only crypts lined with simple columnar epi w/ striated border

Answer 22

colon and cecum

Question 23

unique muscularis externa of colon and cecum

Answer 23

taenia coli

Question 24

when outer longitudinal muscle is divided into bands, and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle is in between the bands (colon, cecum)

Answer 24

taenia coli

Question 25

transverse and sigmoid colon have (serosa/adventitia)

Answer 25

serosa

Question 26

ascending and descending colon have (serosa/adventitia)

Answer 26

adventitia

Question 27

what structures interrupt the muscularis mucosa in the vermiform appendix

Answer 27

lymphoid cells, lymph nodules

Question 28

vermiform appendix has _____ crypts compared to colon

Answer 28

shorter, fewer

Question 29

vermiform appendix has (serosa/adventitia)

Answer 29

serosa

Question 30

compare upper rectum to colon

Answer 30

upper rectum has less lymphoid tissue, no taenia coli

Question 31

epithelium goes from simple columnar to stratefied cuboidal, and then stratefied squamous nonkeritinized without crypts or muscularis mucosa

Answer 31

anal canal to rectum

Question 32

epithelium becomes stratified squamous keritinized in what portion of the GI tract

Answer 32

ano-cutaneous area

Question 33

apocrine sweat glands in the ano-cutaneous region

Answer 33

circumanal glands

Question 34

in the ano-cutaneous region the inner circular layer of smooth muscle becomes

Answer 34

involuntary internal anal sphincter

Question 35

in the ano-cutaneous region the outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle of muscularis externa

Answer 35

replaced by skeletal muscle,

voluntary external anal sphincter