GI Tract I

Question 1

GI layers

Answer 1

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa or Adventitia

Question 2

subdivisions of GI mucosa

Answer 2

lining eipthelium,
lamina propria,
muscularis mucosae

Question 3

functions of GI mucosa

Answer 3

protection, absorption, secretion

Question 4

contents of GI mucosal lamina propria

Answer 4

blood and lymphatic vessels,
lymphatic tissue,
wandering connective tissue (plasma cells, eosinophils)

Question 5

where would plasma cells and eosinophils be found in GI tract

Answer 5

mucosal lamina propria

Question 6

function of mucosal muscularis mucosae

Answer 6

smooth muscle, forms ridges and valleys for absorption and secretion

Question 7

layer of GI tract with dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and Meissner’s nerve plexus

Answer 7

submucosa

Question 8

in what organs does the GI submucosa have glands

Answer 8

duodenum, esophagus

Question 9

where is Meissner’s plexus found in the GI tract

Answer 9

periphery of the submucosa

Question 10

function and structure of HI muscularis externa

Answer 10

• smooth muscle: inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
• contraction = mix and propel intestinal contents

Question 11

contraction of this GI layer mixes and propels intestinal contents

Answer 11

muscularis extrna

Question 12

where is Auerbach’s plexus found

Answer 12

between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle in GI muscularis externa

Question 13

serosa

Answer 13

simple squamous mesothelium is present

Question 14

adventitia

Answer 14

part of digestive wall is fixed to abdominal or pelvic wall

Question 15

contents of GI serosa/adventitia

Answer 15

connective tissue,
blood and lymphatic vessels,
nerves

Question 16

on what surface of the tongue are lingual papillae found

Answer 16

dorsal

Question 17

4 types of papillae on tongue

Answer 17

filiform,
fungiform,
foliate,
circumvallate

Question 18

what type of papillae on the tongue lack taste buds, and have a keritinized epithelium?

Answer 18

filiform

Question 19

type of papillae with taste buds on their dorsal surface

Answer 19

fungiform

Question 20

types of papillae with taste buds on their lateral surfaces

Answer 20

foliate, circumvallate

Question 21

what glands are found in the mucosa of the esophagus

Answer 21

esophageal cardia glands - secrete mucous

Question 22

epithelium of esophagus

Answer 22

stratified squamous, nonkeritinized

Question 23

in what layer are connective tissue and esophageal glands proper found

Answer 23

submucosa

Question 24

secrete slightly acidic mucous which facilitates food transport and protects epithelium

Answer 24

esophageal glands proper

Question 25

divisions of esophageal muscularis mucosa

Answer 25

upper 1/3 = skeletal muscle, middle 1/3 = skeletal and smooth, lower 1/3 = smooth

Question 26

where are adventitia and serosa in esophagus

Answer 26

adventitia above diaphragm, | serosa below disphragm

Question 27

(upper/lower) esophageal sphincter is made of circular skeletal muscle fibers under voluntary and reflexive control

Answer 27

upper

Question 28

(upper/lower) esophageal sphincter is physiological sphincter of thickened circular smooth muscle fibers (not well defined anatomically)

Answer 28

lower

Question 29

stomach functions as (endocrine/exocrine) gland

Answer 29

both

Question 30

where is chyme formed

Answer 30

stomach

Question 31

initiates protein digestion in stomach

Answer 31

pepsin

Question 32

digests triglycerides in stomach

Answer 32

gastric lipase

Question 33

temporary longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa; disappear when stomach is full

Answer 33

rugae

Question 34

4 gross regions of stomach

Answer 34

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 35

3 histological regions of stomach

Answer 35

cardia, fundus/body, pylorus

Question 36

layer of stomach containing simple columnar surface mucous cells, gastric pits, mucosal glands, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae

Answer 36

mucosa

Question 37

stomach mucosal glands empty into

Answer 37

gastric pits

Question 38

short, coiled glands with short pits; produce mucous; some produce HCL and lysozyme

Answer 38

cardiac glands

Question 39

long straight glands with medium pits

Answer 39

gastric/fundic glands

Question 40

4 major cell types in gastric/fundic glands

Answer 40

mucous neck cells, parietal (oxyntic), chief, enteroendocrine

Question 41

short, slightly coiled glands with medium pits

Answer 41

pyloric glands

Question 42

cell types preset in pyloric glands

Answer 42

mucous, parietal, enteroendocrine (but can't see them in histology)

Question 43

submucosa has fold in the (small intestine/stomach)

Answer 43

SI

Question 44

what is special about the muscularis externa of the stomach

Answer 44

extra inner layer of oblique smooth muscle layer

Question 45

secrete bicarbonate-rich alkaline mucous in stomach

Answer 45

surface mucous cells

Question 46

secrete a soluble mucous, occur in small groups or singly between parietal cells in the neck of gastric glands

Answer 46

mucous neck cells

Question 47

secrete HCl (from intracellular canaliculus) and intrinsic factor, eosinophilic

Answer 47

pareital/oxyntic cells

Question 48

intracellular canaliculus of pareital/oxyntic cells

Answer 48

secretes HCl

Question 49

does the stomach have a serosa

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

glycoprotein required for vitamin B12 absorption into the ileum

Answer 50

intrinsic factor

Question 51

synthesize pepsinogens and gastric lipases in the stomach

Answer 51

chief cells

Question 52

where are chief cells found

Answer 52

basal half of gastric glands

Question 53

produce gastrin, somatostatin, and ghrelin in the stomach

Answer 53

enteroendocrine cells

Question 54

enteroendocrine products (gastrin, somatostatin, ghrelin) act in (paracrine/endocrine) signaling

Answer 54

both

Question 55

found in isthmus and neck of mucosal glands in stomach; move up to replace surface mucous cells, move down to replace glandular cells

Answer 55

stem cells