GI Tract And Urinary Tract Flashcards
Function of GI
Breaks down food
Absorb nutrients
Discards waste material
Digestive system division
Alimentary canal
Accessory organs
Alimentary canal
Oral cavity Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
most absorption of nutrients takes place in
the small intestine
Digestion occurs in
Oral cavity
Stomach
SI
Indigestible material eliminated by
Large intestine
Accessory organs
Teeth Tongue Salivary gland Liver Pancreas Gall bladder
Layers of alimentary canal
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
Mucosa
Epthelium
Laminate propria
Muscularis mucousa
Submucosa
Glands
Nerve plexus
Blood vessels
Muscularis externa
Circular muscle to prevent backflow
Longtidunal muscle to shorten
Myenteric plexus for motility
Serosa
Alveolar CT
Epithelium
Mouth division
Oral cavity proper
Vestibule
Stratified epithelium
three pharyngeal constrictor muscles
superior
middle and
Inferior
*Skeletal muscles innervated by vagus nerve
Prevents food from going up your nose
Uvula
The wall of the esophagus contains mucous glands primarily
compound tubuloalveolar glands
Churned food
Chyme
Epithelium in the stomach secrete
a coat of bicarbonate-buffered mucus
Cells in the stomach
Mucus neck Parietal/oxyntic- HCL and gastric intrinsic factor(b12) Chief/zymogen-pepsinogen Enteroendocrine- stimulate parietal Undifferentiated
Widest and longest part of alimentary canal
Stomach and SI
Sub divisions of SI
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
*dehydration occurs
Sub divisions of LI
cecum vermiform appendix colon rectum anal canal *goblet cells produce mucus for lubrication because of dry feces *no or few villi
Largest gland in the body
Liver
*produces bile
Surfaces of the liver
Diaphragmatic
Visceral
Right and left lobule
Falciform ligament
Liver lobules
Right
Left
Quad rate
Caudate
The gallbladder’s duct, the cystic duct (cyst bladder), joins the common from the liver to form the , which empties into the .
hepatic duct, bile duct, duodenum
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile
By absorbing water and ions
is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland
Pancreas
*endocrine- insulin and glucagon
Exocrine- digestive enzyme
Urinary system
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Ureter
Kidney
Functions of urinary tract
Production of urine/ filtering and eliminating wastes
Homeostasis of water, electrolytes, PH, calcium, BP, tissue fluid
* kidneys are retroperitoneal
Each kidney has an indentation called
hilus
*artery enters and vein and ureter leave
renal cortex is made of
renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules
renal medulla is made of
loops of Henle and collecting tubules
Expansion of ureter in the hilus
Renal pelvis
nephron has two major portions
A renal corpuscle and
A renal tubule.
is a capillary network that arises from an afferent arteriole and empties into an efferent arteriole.
Glomerulous
Renal tubule
Proximal convoluted
Distal convoluted
Loop of henle
In women, the bladder is ; in men, the bladder is .
inferior to the uterus; superior to the prostate gland
*accumulates urine and is transitional epithelium
