Endocrinology

Question 1

ADH function

Answer 1

Reabsorption of water by renal tubule

Vasoconstriction

Question 2

Posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 2

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 3

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 3

TSH
FSH
LH
GH 
ACTH
PRL

Question 4

ACTH

Answer 4

Adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone and cortisol

Question 5

Largest endocrine gland

Answer 5

Thyroid

Question 6

Thyroid hormones

Answer 6

Thyroid follicular- T3/T4

Para follicular- Calcitonin

Question 7

Thyroid follicular cells

Answer 7

Concentrate iodine
Peroxidase and diiodinase enzyme
T3/T4
Thyroglobulin

Question 8

Cells of parathyroid gland

Answer 8

Chief- increase calcium level, calcitriol release, absorption of SI increased
Oxyphil

Question 9

PTH

Answer 9

Stimulates Osteoclast formation

Question 10

zona glomerulosa

Answer 10

Mineralocordicoids
Aldosterone
Regulates ratio of sodium and potassium

Question 11

zona fasciculata

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids
Cortisol and corticosterone
Stimulate metabolism of lipids, proteins, glucose
Resist stress, repair tissues

Question 12

zona reticularis

Answer 12

gonadocorticoids
androgens
Regulates salt, sugar, and sex

Question 13

Islets of pancreas

Answer 13

Alpha cells secrete glucagon when blood glucose levels drop.
Beta cells secrete insulin when blood glucose levels are elevated.
Delta cells synthesize somatostatin, also described as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone,
F cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide to suppress and regulate somatostatin secretion from delta cells

Question 14

pinealocytes secrete

Answer 14

melatonin (night ) and serotonin (day)
helps regulate a circadian rhythm (24-hour body clock)
affect the gonadotropin releasing hormone synthesis

Question 15

thymopoietin and thymosins

Answer 15

T lymphocyte differentiation, growth and maturation

Question 16

Kidney

Answer 16

Erythropoietin

Juxtaglomerula apparatus

Question 17

Hyper secretion of thyroid

Answer 17

Graves disease 
High metabolism
Sweating
Nervousness
Weight loss
Rapid heart rate

Question 18

Hypo secretion of thyroid

Answer 18

cretinism(Children) and Myxedema (Adult)
Low body temperature
Weight gain
Mental retardation

Question 19

excess GH during pre-puberty

Answer 19

Gigantism

Question 20

excess GH after growth plates closed

Answer 20

acromegaly

Question 21

Cushing’s Disease cause

Answer 21

pituitary tumor (excess ACTH)

Question 22

Type I diabetes also known as

Answer 22

juvenile diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes,
is the impaired production of insulin by the pancreas, and is believed to be caused by the destruction of the cells of the islets of Langerhans by autoantibodies (autoimmunity).

Question 23

Type II diabetes

Answer 23

In type II diabetes, the pancreas secretes normal or low levels of insulin, but the main cause of the high glycemia is the peripheral resistance of the cells to the action of the hormone.