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Endo Exam 2 > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin has two forms

A

17aa (little gastrin), response to eating

34aa (big gastrin), response inbetween meals secreted by low basal levels

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2
Q

What is gastrin secreted by

A

G cells in the Antrum of the stomach

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3
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Increases hydrogen ion secretion by gastric parietal cells which lowers stomach ph then activates pepsinogen secreted by chief cells

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4
Q

Can the vagus nerve stimulate gastrin release

A

YES

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5
Q

Gastrin is inhibited by

A

Somatostain and low stomach ph

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6
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrin secreting tumor (gastrinoma)

Frequently occurs in pancreas non B cell

Results in atrophy of Gastric mucosa

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7
Q

How to treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

H2 respect or blockers
Inhibitor of the H+ pump
Removal of the tumor

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8
Q

What does CCK do

A

Coordinates and promotes fat digestion and absorption

33aa structurally related to gastrin

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9
Q

What two receptors bind CCK

A

CCKA- only bind CCK

CCKB- both CCK and gastrin

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10
Q

What is secreted by I cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa

A

CCK

But not in response to triglycerides

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11
Q

What kind of a meal would stimulate CCK

A

Fat and protein

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12
Q

What are the 5 functions of CCK

A
  1. Contraction of gallbladder
  2. Secretion of pancreatic enzymes
  3. Secretion of Bicarbonate from pancreaus
  4. Trophic effect on exocrine pancreas and gallbladder
  5. Inhibition of gastric emptying
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13
Q

What is secretin

A

27 a.a. Peptide similar to glucagon structure

Is a alpha helix

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14
Q

What is secreted by S cells of the duodenum in response to increased ph aka H+

A

Secretin

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15
Q

What does secretin do

A

Inhibits the effects of gastrin on parietal cells

Helps neutralize the ph

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16
Q

GIP is secreted by what kind of cells

A

K cells in the duodenal/jejunal mucosa

17
Q

GIP is in response to All three nutrients major effect is

A

Stimulation of insulin

It inhibits gastric H+ secretion in animals not humans

18
Q

True or False

Oral glucose greater effect than IV glucose due to oral stimulation of insulin and GIP

A

True

19
Q

Motilin is secreted when people are

A

Fasting

Member of gastrin-CCK family

20
Q

Motilin is secreted by

A

Upper duodenum

Clears the stomach and intestine for preparation of next meal

21
Q

Motilin stimulates

A

Enzyme production of stomach and pancreas

contraction of gall bladder

22
Q

Ghrelin is secreted by what

A

Stomach mucosa inbetween eating

23
Q

What does ghrelin do

A

Increases gastric acid, motility, emptying

May have role in regulating food intake

Increases feelings of hunger

24
Q

What does PP do?

A

Inhibits pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and enzymes

Increase after a protein meal

25
Q

How PP decreased

A

Somatostatin and intravenous glucose

26
Q

GLP are secreted by

A

L cells in intestinal mucosa

27
Q

L cells are the

A

Most abundant peptide producing cells in GI tract

Unresponsive to plasma levels

28
Q

FLP increase liver

A

Glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis

29
Q

What has no effect on insulin secretion GLP-1 or 2

A

GLP2

30
Q

GLP-1 along with peptide YY do what to the stomach

A

Decrease acid, motility and emptying

INCREASES nutrient uptake

31
Q

Paracrines are produced by

A

GI endocrine cells and act locally

32
Q

What are the two paracrines

A

Somatostatin

Histamine

33
Q

Somatostatin is secreted by

A

D cells of astral cells in response to low ph

Inhibits secretion of GI hormones

Secreted also by B cells of pancreas

34
Q

Histamine is produced by

A

Enteroendocrine cells in GI mucosa especially in stomach near parietal cells

Work synergistically with gastrin

Endo Exam 2 (3 decks)

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