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Endo Exam 2 > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium is bound or unbound more

A

60% unbound in the blood, aka unfilterable

50% ionized CA

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2
Q

Only ________ Ca is biologically active

A

Ionized

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3
Q

What is hypocalcemia

A

Decreased plasma CA

Spontaneous twitching

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4
Q

What is the Chvostek sign

A

Twitching of the facial muscles elicited by tapping on the CN VII

Associated with hypocalcemia

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5
Q

What is the Trousseau sign

A

Carpopedal spasm after inflation of a sphygmomanometer

Sign of Hypocalcemia

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6
Q

Hypercalcemia is

A

Increased CA in plasma

Lethargy, coma death

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7
Q

Alkalemia causes

A

Hypocalcemia increases CA bound to albumin

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8
Q

What increases ionized Ca

A

Acidosis

Alkalosis- decreases Ca

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9
Q

What three organs associated with calcium

A

Bone
Kidney
Intestine

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10
Q

What does PTH do with Ca

A

Decrease plasma

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11
Q

What synthesize and secrete PTH

A

Chief cells

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12
Q

What causes 2 hyperparathryoidism

A

Chronic hypocalcemia

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13
Q

Hypermagnesia does what to PTH secretion

A

Inhibits

Hypomagnesia stimulates PTH

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14
Q

PTH stimulates _____ reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule

A

Ca++

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15
Q

Calcium absorption _________ via vitamin D

A

INcreases

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16
Q

Where are PTH receptors located on bone

A

Osteoblasts

17
Q

Short cause of PTH on bone is

A

Increased bone formation

Long haul- bone resorption

18
Q

PTH stimulates renal 1 alpha hydroxlase which makes it into its

A

Active form of vitamin D

19
Q

Vitamin D does what to ingestion calcium

A

Increases absorption

20
Q

PTH acts ______ on the intestine via __-

A

Indirectly

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

21
Q

Primary hyperparathryoidism is

A

Secrete excessive amounts of PTH

MC from parathyroid adenoma

Excessive Ca++

22
Q

For secondary hyperparathryoidism plasma Ca++ levels are low never

A

HIGH why its different from primary

Causes hypocalcemia

Vit. D. Deficiency
Chronic renal failure

23
Q

Hypoparathryoidism is

A

Low levels of PTH

Hypocalcemia

Common from thyroid surgery

Treat with oral Ca++ and Vit. D

24
Q

Psuedohypoparathroidism is associated with

A

Short stature, short neck, obesity, metacarpals calcified

Aka Albright hereditary osteodystrophy

Increased PTH levels

25
Q

Hypercalcemia malignancy is different bc

A

PTH is low bc hypercalcemia suppress it, thats why its different from primary hyperparathryoidism

26
Q

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is

A

Autosomal dominant disorder

Low urinary Ca excretion

27
Q

Calcitonin is produced by

A

C cells of the thyroid gland

Increases Ca++ increases secretion

Inhibits osteoclasts bone resorption

28
Q

Vitamin D increases production of _______________ which is a powerful antimicrobial peptide

A

Cathelicidin

Endo Exam 2 (3 decks)

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