GI Tract 1st two lectures Flashcards
the abdominal aorta originated from the
thoracic aorta
retroperitoneal are immobile or mobile
immobile
Partietal Peritoneum
OUTER layer attach to the abdominal wall and pelvic walls
Visceral Peritoneum
INNER layer attached to the visceral organs - located inside the inter-peritoneal space
Greater sac
cavity inside the abdomen
lesser sac
omenta bursa
the greater and lesser omenta
lesser momentum
attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach and liver
greater Omentum
hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and loops down in front of the intestines - before curving back upwards to attach to the transverse colon
greater momentum is a protective layer in front of the
intestines
greater and lesser sacs are connected by the
omental foramen
Vagotomy
branches of the vagus nerve are cut - usually to reduce the rate of gastric secretion
Portal triad
hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct
bile ducts
carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder
bile is produced in the…
liver
Gall stones
right hypochondrial pain due to biliary colic secondary to gallstones
foregut blood supply
celiac trunk
midgut blood supply
superior mesenteric artery
hindgut blood supply
inferior mesenteric artery
3 branches of the celiac trunk
left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery
where is the spleen located (in relation to ribs)?
9-11th ribs
celiac trunk originates from the…?
Abdominal aorta
hepatic artery supplies the
liver and gall bladder
splenic artery runs retroperitoneally along the
upper (superior) margin of the pancreas
midgut structures include
small intestine (including most of the duodenum)
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
the right 2/3rds of the transverse colon
which part of the duodenum receives the bile and pancreatic ducts?
2nd
the jejunum begins at what?
the duodenal flexure
ileum begins from the jejunum and ENDS at the
ileo-cecal junction
Key characteristics of the Jejunum
deep red
thick and heavy
more vasculature
long vasa recta
arcades (few, large loops)
few lymphnodes
vasa recta
straight capillaries that come off the arcades in the mesentery
Key characteristics of the Ileum
pale pink
thin and light
less vasculature
short vasa recta
arcades (many short loops)
many lymph nodes
5 branches of the superior mesenteric artery
jejunual artery
ileal artery
middle colic artery
right colic artery
ileo-colic artery
structures that make up the hind gut
left 1/3rd of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper part of anal canal
large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by?
omental appendices (small-fatty projections)
haustra (or sacculations)
teniae coli
what is the most common appendix position?
retrocecal
macburneys point
site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis
inferior mesenteric artery vertebral level
L3
superior mesenteric artery vertebral level
L1
anal canal contains the ….
external and internal anal sphincters
Autonomic innervations of the abdominal organs
parasympathetic
vagus nerve
pelvic splanchnic nerves
Autonomic innervations of the abdominal organs
sympathetic
abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
abdominal aortic plexus
Autonomic innervations of the abdominal organs
what vertebral levels does the sympathetic nervous system innervate?
T5-L2/3
venous drainage of the GI tract is done by the
portal vein
the portal vein collects poorly oxygenated blood from the……, …….. and …….. and takes it back to the ……..
spleen, pancreas and gall bladder
liver
portal vein is formed by the union of which two veins?
splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein
where is the portal vein located?
behind the head of the pancreas
L2
what duct receives most of the lymph from the abdominal wall and abdominal organs?
thoracic
