GI - Dry Lab Flashcards
3 openings of the diaphragm
COA
Caval (vena cava)
oesophagus
aortic
vertebral levels of the 3 openings of the diaphragm
c - T8
o - T10
a - T12
what layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain and heat?
parietal
how do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?
through the omental foramen
retroperitoneal structures are only covered in peritoneum on their ……. side
anterior
at what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries
L4
what is the effect of a vagotomy on gastric secretion?
reduces gastric secretion
vertebral level of the kidneys
T12-L3
muscle that runs in a vertical orientation and in an anterior position in the abdomen
pyramidalis
how does the rectus sheath differ above and below the umbilicus?
above
single layer of connective tissue
how does the rectus sheath differ above and below the umbilicus?
below
2 layers of fatty and membranous
what vertebral level is umbilicus?
L3/4
dermatome T10
the inguinal canal is formed from layers of the ……….
as these layers form they push through the wall obliquely, forming a canal
anterior abdominal wall
the inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip bone
pubic tubercle
anterior iliac spine of the ilium
where does the superficial ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle?
above it
contents of the inguinal canal in men
spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
genitofemoral nerve
(epigastric vessels?)
two openings of the inguinal canal
superficial inguinal ring
deep inguinal ring
direct inguinal hernia
1/3rd of inguinal hernias
push through a weak part of the muscles in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
(do not push through a ring)
indirect inguinal hernia
due to congenital weakness of the deep inguinal canal
4 layers of the lining of the gut tube
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria
serosa (or adventitia)
3 layers that make up the mucosa of the gut tube
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae
3 constrictions of the oesophagus
cervical
thoracic
diaphragmatic
what are the 4 structures that go through the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm?
vagus nerve
oesophagus
oesophageal arteries
left inferior phrenic nerves
what nerves innervates the pyloric sphincter?
vagus
the pyloric sphincter is formed from which layer of the gut tube
muscularis externa
what nerve controls gastric motility?
vagus
3 arteries of the celiac trunk
left gastric
common hepatic
splenic
increased vagal stimulation does what to the pylorus and therefore gastric secretion?
increases opening (relaxes pyloric sphincter)
increases gastric secretion
duodenum receives the openings of what 2 ducts?
pancreatic
bile
where is the foregut/midgut boundary in the small intestine?
2nd part of the duodenum
what part of the autonomic NS (para or sympathetic) stimulations reduced the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?
sympathetic
what part of the appendix is variable?
the tail
arterial supply of the 1st part of the duodenum
branches of the celiac trunk
arterial supply of the 2nd part of the duodenum (below the opening of the bile duct)
superior mesenteric artery
arterial supply of the jejenum
superior mesenteric artery
arterial supply of the ileum
superior mesenteric artery
arterial supply of the cecum and ascending colon
superior mesenteric artery
arterial supply of the right 2/3rds of the transverse colon
superior mesenteric artery
arterial supply of the left 1/3rd of the transverse and decsending colon
inferior mesenteric artery
arterial supply of the sigmoid colon
inferior mesenteric artery
where does the peritoneum join at the liver?
falciform ligament
what structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?
left umbilical vein
what type of muscle forms the muscularis externa?
smooth muscle
what type of muscle is muscularis muscosae
smooth
what kinds of cells are found in the gastric pits in the stomach?
mucous secreting cells
