GI tract Flashcards
digestion and absorption
Explain the negative feedback of stomach acidity
First food in the stomach cause the release of gastrin -> gastrin stimulates stomach glands to release hydrochloric acid -> stomach then reaches 1.5 PH -> acidity in the stomach cause the stomach wall to stop releasing gastrin
Give the characteristics of the duodenum
first 20-30 cm of the small intestine. Connected to bile and pancreatic duct.
Absorps: Na (sodium), K (potassium), Fe (iron), Calcium, Magenesium, Phosphate, Zinc
Give the characteristics of the Jejenum
Comes after the Jejenum ans is 2-2,5m long. Absorps: protein (amino acid, fat (fatty acid), ,monosaccharides, vitamine C, ADEK and B vitamines
Give the characteristics of the Ileum
Comes after the Jejenum and is 3 - 3,5 m long. Mainly meant for (re)absorption of fluids. Also absorps B12, bile salts, dietary fats. Also protect the body from certain pathogens.
What is the prevalence of major depressive disorder in a year?
5,2%
How does the pancreas regulate the PH balance of the digestive environment
The pancreas secretes bicarbonate ions in the pancreatic duct
How is bile regulated?
When fatty foods enter the duodenum the hormone cholecystokinin signals the galbladder to contract to secrete bile. Bile works as an emulsifier.
What is the function of the Colon/ large intestine ?
The colon is important for the absorption of water and electrolytes.
Name four diseases of the mouth
- Damaged salivary glands due to chemotherapy: makes swallowing difficult,chewing is harder and decreases tast sensation. Can diminish overal quality of life
2.Mucosistis: characterized bt inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract (mouth throat and GI tract). - Having no teeth
- Tumor in head or neck area making the passage of food harder.
Name four diseases of the esophagus (throat)
- Esophagitis is disease characterized by the inflammation or irritation of the esophagus. Symptoms: heartburn, chest pain. difficulty swalllowing, regurgitation of food.
- Barrett’s diease: condition where the cells lining the lowere esophagus change due to chronic exposure to stomach acid. It increases the risk of adenocarcinoma/throatcancer.
3.
Explain what gastritis is
Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach, small intestine or esophagus. risk factors include lifestule factors such as smoking, stress, diet, alcohol. Bacterial infection or regular use of pain relievers such ibuprofen and paracetamol.
Symptoms include: stomach pan. nausea, vomiting, bloating, full feeling, belching and heartburn.
Explain what a gastrectomy is, and how it influences the stomach
Gatrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves partial or complete removal of the stomach. It performed as treatment for stomach cancer or severe ulcers.
CONSEQUENCES:
change
EPA STUDY: to test the efficacy of EPA as adjuvant to antidepressant medication in the treatment of depression in adults with diabetes mellitus. What was the conclusion of this study?
No surplus effect over placebo treatment in diabetes patients with comorbid depression treated with antidepressant medication. Future studies should investigate ways to improve treatment of depression in diabetes patients.
What are the key findings of meta-analysis Firth et al 2019?
Small-to-moderate positive effect from high-EPA formulas in clinical depression generally as well as an adjunctive to SSRI’S in MDD (major depressive disorder).
Indicated usage: >50% EPA formulas providing 2,200 mg EPA/day
