GI tract 1 Flashcards
what are the 3 layers of the oral cavity superficial to deep?
- epithelial: non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Loose Connective tissue: lamina propria
- layers of skeletal muscle or bone
where in the oral cavity is the third layer NOT muscle?
a) cheeks
b) gingiva
c) soft palate
d) lips
b) gingiva
third layer here is bone as well as in the hard palate
The tongue is 1) made up of skeletal muscle which its fibers run only longitudinally and 2) has papillae and taste buds only on the dorsal side.
a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
it has muscle fibers running in several directions
Which is INCORRECT about Filiform papillae?
a) contain taste buds
b) finger-like in shape
c) partially keratinized
d) scrape food off the surface of the tongue
e) all are correct
a) contain taste buds
Which is INCORRECT about Fungiform papillae?
a) are shaped like mushrooms
b) non keratinized
c) contains taste buds
d) contains glands of von Ebner
e) all are correct
d) contains glands of von Ebner
only apply to Circumvallate papillae
Which is INCORRECT about Circumvallate papillae?
a) smallest of the papilla
b) contains glands of von Ebner
c) surrounded by clefts/moats of saliva
d) all are correct
a) smallest of the papilla
ameloblasts are responsible for the production of what?
a) cementum
b) enamel
c) dentin
d) tooth pulp
e) more than one of these
b) enamel
odontoblasts are responsible for the production of what?
a) cementum
b) enamel
c) dentin
d) tooth pulp
e) more than one of these
c) dentin
more accurately, predentin
Which is INCORRECT about the periodontal ligament?
a) made of dense connective tissue
b) formed from the periosteum of the alveolar bone
c) allows movement for mastication
d) low rate of protein turnover
d) low rate of protein turnover
has a high rate… no idea what that means
which one of these closely resemble to cancellous bone?
a) cementum
b) enamel
c) dentin
d) tooth pulp
e) more than one of these
a) cementum
T or F
Since ameloblasts or on the outside, once the enamel is laid down, the cells die.
True
What are the four layers of the GI tract?
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- serosa or adventitia
Which is INCORRECT about the mucosa?
a) made up of epithelial cells and an underlaying lamina
b) mostly stratified squamous epithelium
c) contains the muscularis mucosa
d) secretion of protective mucus, enzymes and ions that regulate pH
b) mostly stratified squamous epithelium
only in the esophagus
what layer of the GI tract does this best describe:
nerve plexuses, collagen fibers, large blood vessels, mucus glands and lymphoid nodules
a) mucosa
b) submucosa
c) muscularis externa
d) adventitia
e) lamina of mucosa
b) submucosa
nerve plexuses are also in the muscularis externa so be careful
Which is CORRECT about the muscularis mucosae?
a) seperates submucosa from muscularis externa
b) only in the stomach
c) allows movement of the mucosa without involving the submucosa and muscularis externa
d) part of the submucosa
c) allows movement of the mucosa without involving the submucosa and muscularis externa
seperates submucosa from mucosa
starts in the esophagus
is part of the mucosa
how is the esophagus different that the rest of the GI tract?
a) has smooth muscle
b) covered by serosa
c) has mucus glands in its submucosa
d) mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium
d) mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium
all have smooth muscle
covered by adventitia since its not in the abdomen
duodenum also has mucus glands in its submucosa [brunner’s glands] (but still a good indicator)
broken down food is absorbed in 1) ______
whereas water and electrolytes are absorbed in 2) _______.
a) 1) small and large intestines 2) large intestines
b) 1) small intestines 2) large intestines
c) 1) small intestines 2) small and large intestines
b) 1) small intestines 2) large intestines
Meissner’s plexus 1) otherwise known as submucosal nerve plexus, 2) innervates the muscularis mucosae and
secretory epithelial cells.
a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false
c) both are true
Auerbach’s plexus
a) otherwise known as myenteric plexus
b) control of peristalsis
c) resides in between submucosa and muscularis externa
c) resides in between submucosa and muscularis externa
in between the inner circular and outer longitudinal of the muscularis externa
how does the cardia of the stomach differ from the rest of the GI tract?
a) mixed with skeletal muscle
b) has an oblique inner layer of muscle
c) has submucosal glands
d) has serosa
e) more than one of these
b) has an oblique inner layer of muscle
d) is true but doesnt make it different
T or F
The pyloric sphincter is made up of thickened outer longitudinal muscle fibers of the muscularis externa.
False
The middle circular layer is thickened to form the pyloric sphincter.
(remember the oblique layer is the inner in the stomach thus shifting circular to middle)
T or F
the large intestine’s outer longitudinal muscle layer is condensed into 3 bands which when constricted, create haustrae.
True
1) the internal anal sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and 2) the external sphincter is made up of smooth muscle.
a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false
d) both are false
vice versa
which one DOES NOT contain a serosal layer?
a) stomach
b) small and large intestine
c) rectum
d) esophagus
e) more than one of these
e) more than one of these
rectum
esophagus
1)The upper portion of the esophagus is skeletal muscle and contains mucosal glands whereas 2) the lower portion contains smooth muscle and no mucosal glands.
a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false
a) 1 is true and 2 is false
lower portion as glands as well
T or F
The epithelial lining of the stomach is simple columnar which secretes a protective coating of proteoglycans.
True
which is not correct about the neck of glands of the stomach?
a) contains undifferentiated stem cells
b) contains Parietal cells
c) contains Chief cells
d) contains Enteroendocrine cells
e) is long in the fundus and body of the stomach
e) is long in the fundus and body of the stomach
short neck and long glands is the general idea
mucus neck cells are also in the neck (obviously)
which does not match?
a) Mucous neck cells= proteoglycans
b) parietal cells= more proximal and eosinophilic
c) chief cells= more distal and basophilic
d) Parietal cells= hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
e) Enteroendocrine cells= small polypeptide hormones
f) all are correct
f) all are correct
which is INCORRECT about parietal cells?
a) large, pale, and round or pyramidal in shape
b) one or two centrally located nuclei
c) acidophilic cytoplasm
d) Located predominantly in the lower part of the body of the gastric glands
e) has deep invaginations making intracellular canaliculus
d) Located predominantly in the lower part of the body of the gastric glands
UPPER part
1) The pylorus’ pits are long and glands are short 2) which contains many lysozomes thus staining with PAS.
a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false
c) both are true
which is not involved in increasing the surface area of the small intestines?
a) intracellular canaliculus
b) microvilli
c) villi
d) plicae circulares
e) all are involved
a) intracellular canaliculus
Regarding the small intestines,
folds of the _______ make plicae circulares.
folds of the _______ make villi.
folds of the _______ make microvilli.
a) submucosa - mucosa - surface of the absorptive cells
b) mucosa - mucosa and submucosa - surface of the absorptive cells
c) mucosa and submucosa - mucosa - surface of the absorptive cells
d) mucosa - submucosa - surface of the absorptive cells
c) mucosa and submucosa - mucosa - surface of the absorptive cells
folds of the mucosa and submucosa make plicae circulares.
folds of the mucosa (epithelia and lamina) make villi.
folds of the surface of the absorptive cells make microvilli.
Which is incorrect regarding Crypts of Lieberkühn?
a) theyre otherwise known as intestinal glands
b) layer of cells above the brush border
c) part of the mucosa
d) mostly consists of absorptive cells
e) all are correct
b) layer of cells above the brush border
Cells of Crypts of Lieberkühn’s microvilli make up the brush border
Which is incorrect regarding striate border?
a) cells are simple columnar
b) covered by glycocalyx
c) increases surface area of the lumen
d) cells have a basally placed nucleus
e) all are correct
e) all are correct
which best describes the location of goblet cells in the small intestines?
a) in the submucosa
b) above the striate border
c) in between cells of the brush border cells
d) spinal
c) in between cells of the brush border cells
which one of these are found in the intestines AND stomach?
a) parietal cells
b) paneth cells
c) enteroendocrine cells
d) goblet cells
e) none of these
f) more than one of these
c) enteroendocrine cells
Which location in incorrectly paired with the corresponding cell in the intestinal glands?
a) Enteroendocrine cells = interspersed between the absorptive cells and the goblet cells
b) Paneth cells= base of each intestinal gland
c) M cells = over lymphoid nodules
d) Undifferentiated stem cells= upper 1/3 to 1/2 of the intestinal glands
d) Undifferentiated stem cells= upper 1/3 to 1/2 of the intestinal glands
UPPER
the only intestinal gland cell in the lower portion is the paneth cell
match the intestinal gland cell with its corresponding function
1) Enteroendocrine cells 2) Paneth cells 3) M cells 4) Undifferentiated stem cells
a) secrete lysozyme to control bacteria
b) assist in immunity
c) secrete hormones such as secretin, cholecystokinin
d) precursor to intestinal gland cells
1) Enteroendocrine = c) secrete hormones such as secretin, cholecystokinin
2) Paneth cells = a) secrete lysozyme to control bacteria
3) M cells = b) assist in immunity
4) Undifferentiated stem cells = d) precursor to intestinal gland cells
which is true about the small intestines?
a) inner layer of muscularis externa is oblique
b) has Brunner glands in its duodenum
c) covered by adventitia
d) lacking Peyers Patch
b) has Brunner glands in its duodenum
brunners glands are otherwise known as submucosal glands
oblique layer is in the stomach
covered my serosa since its in the peritoneum
and ileum has loads of Peyers Patch
which is true about the large intestines?
a) well defines brush border
b) main site of food absorption
c) completely surrounded by outer longitudinal muscle
d) has submucosal glands
e) none are true
e) none are true
no brush border
food is absorbed in the small intestines
outer longitudinal muscle is condensed into the taenia coli
and submucosal glands are only in the duodenum and esophagus
