GI System & Functions

Question 1

What are the 3 major paired salivary glands?

Answer 1

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 2

What is xerostomia?

Answer 2

Sensation of oral dryness

Question 3

What causes xerotomia?

Answer 3

Medication
Aging
CA / chemo/ radiotheray: head/ neck
Never damage
Tobacco
Alcohol
Recreational drugs (marijuna, methamphetamine

Question 4

How do you manage xerostomia?

Answer 4

Identify cause? Medications
Can they be switched
Products/ lubricate& moisturise mouth
Pt appropreate* Slip water,, ice, ect
Limit caffeine
Avoid tobacco
Avoid flavours/textures aggravate oral cavity(spice)
Ensure excellent dental hygiene

Question 5

Salivary function as a measure of oral health, what Tool can be use to assess same?

Answer 5

The Challacombe scale

Question 6

What is angular cheilitis?

Answer 6

Painful cracked sores to corner of mouth

Question 7

What is oro-facial granulomatosis?

Answer 7

Rare
Persistent swelling in lips, face or area within mouth. Lumps / swelling
Can be linked to crohns disease or isolated.

Question 8

What is pysotomatitis vegetans?

Answer 8

Rare
Thickening of oral mucosa multiple erosions & pustules
Strong association UC /CD

Question 9

What is mucositis?

Answer 9

Mouth,gut sore inflamed/ chemo/ radio

Question 10

Deficiencies of vitamin B12, folate, iron present on mouth with symptoms soreness. What conditions can present?

Answer 10

Glossitis
Angular cheilitis
Oral ulcers

Question 11

What are the layers of the oesophagus?

Answer 11

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

Question 12

What is the muscular tube conecting the pharynx to the stomach?

Answer 12

Oesophagus

Question 13

What is peristalsis?

Answer 13

Wave like muscle contraction that moves food through the digestion Tract.
Contractions & relaxation

Question 14

What is a motility disorder?

Answer 14

Abnormal muscle & nerve contractions that cause spasms or lack of motion along GI tract

Question 15

Motility disorders can occur where?

Answer 15

Any part of the GI tract
Eg IBS, Constipation, gastroparesis

Question 16

Dysphsia

Answer 16

Swallowing difficulties

Question 17

Achalasia

Answer 17

Swallowing difficulty
Oesophagus muscles not contracting

Question 18

What does GORD/ GERD stand for?

Answer 18

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Question 19

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 19

Store & break down food and deliver digested chyme to sml intestine

Question 20

Stomach digestive secretions

Answer 20

HCL, Pepsin, lipase

Question 21

Where is HCL secreted from?

Answer 21

Pareital cells

Question 22

Where is pepsin secreted from?

Answer 22

Chief

Question 23

Where is lipase secreted from?

Answer 23

Chief cells

Question 24

What is the cause of GORD?

Answer 24

Disruption of the reflux barrier at the gastro oesophageal junction

Question 25

What is gastroparesis?

Answer 25

Delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Peristaltic contractions are reduced by loss of gastric pacemaker cells and/ or disruption of the vagus nerve

Question 26

Ways to measure gastric emptying?

Answer 26

Gamma camera scintigraphy,
Wireless pH & motility capsules,
Stable isotope breath testing

Question 27

Function of the small intestine?

Answer 27

To complete digestion of food through co-ordinated motility & secretion. To facilitate the absorption of water, electrolytes & nutrients