GI System & Functions Flashcards
What are the 3 major paired salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
What is xerostomia?
Sensation of oral dryness
What causes xerotomia?
Medication
Aging
CA / chemo/ radiotheray: head/ neck
Never damage
Tobacco
Alcohol
Recreational drugs (marijuna, methamphetamine
How do you manage xerostomia?
Identify cause? Medications
Can they be switched
Products/ lubricate& moisturise mouth
Pt appropreate* Slip water,, ice, ect
Limit caffeine
Avoid tobacco
Avoid flavours/textures aggravate oral cavity(spice)
Ensure excellent dental hygiene
Salivary function as a measure of oral health, what Tool can be use to assess same?
The Challacombe scale
What is angular cheilitis?
Painful cracked sores to corner of mouth
What is oro-facial granulomatosis?
Rare
Persistent swelling in lips, face or area within mouth. Lumps / swelling
Can be linked to crohns disease or isolated.
What is pysotomatitis vegetans?
Rare
Thickening of oral mucosa multiple erosions & pustules
Strong association UC /CD
What is mucositis?
Mouth,gut sore inflamed/ chemo/ radio
Deficiencies of vitamin B12, folate, iron present on mouth with symptoms soreness. What conditions can present?
Glossitis
Angular cheilitis
Oral ulcers
What are the layers of the oesophagus?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia
What is the muscular tube conecting the pharynx to the stomach?
Oesophagus
What is peristalsis?
Wave like muscle contraction that moves food through the digestion Tract.
Contractions & relaxation
What is a motility disorder?
Abnormal muscle & nerve contractions that cause spasms or lack of motion along GI tract
Motility disorders can occur where?
Any part of the GI tract
Eg IBS, Constipation, gastroparesis
Dysphsia
Swallowing difficulties
Achalasia
Swallowing difficulty
Oesophagus muscles not contracting
What does GORD/ GERD stand for?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
What are the functions of the stomach?
Store & break down food and deliver digested chyme to sml intestine
Stomach digestive secretions
HCL, Pepsin, lipase
Where is HCL secreted from?
Pareital cells
Where is pepsin secreted from?
Chief
Where is lipase secreted from?
Chief cells
What is the cause of GORD?
Disruption of the reflux barrier at the gastro oesophageal junction
What is gastroparesis?
Delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Peristaltic contractions are reduced by loss of gastric pacemaker cells and/ or disruption of the vagus nerve
Ways to measure gastric emptying?
Gamma camera scintigraphy,
Wireless pH & motility capsules,
Stable isotope breath testing
Function of the small intestine?
To complete digestion of food through co-ordinated motility & secretion. To facilitate the absorption of water, electrolytes & nutrients
