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PJ1311 Semester 2 > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Desribe the gi tract

A

Assembly line

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2
Q

List the 6 essential activities in GI

A

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Absorption
Defecation

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3
Q

List the GI primary organs

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagi
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

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4
Q

List The GI secondary accessory

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glans
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas

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5
Q

What does an adequate diet include

A

Lipids
Carbs
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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6
Q

Largest gland in the mouth

A

Salivary gland located anterior to ears

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7
Q

Basic composition of saliva

A

Water
Salivary amylase
Muffins
Ions
Buffers

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8
Q

Role of Saliva

A

Salivary amylase breaks down starch
Mucin - lubricating mouth
Moistens and converts into bouls to be easily swallowed

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9
Q

What are the 3 modifications of stomach wall

A

Circular
Longitudinal
Oblique

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10
Q

Role of stomach

A

Greater churning/ mixing ability
Mechanical breakdown if foodstuff into smaller pieces

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11
Q

Define mucus

A

Glycoprotein in stomach used for lubrication

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12
Q

Explain role of bicatbonate

A

Generates ph gradient to protect stomach wall from digestion by gastric acid

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13
Q

Recall:
Where is mucus secreted, stimulus release and function

A

Source: mucous neck cell
Sfr- tonic secretion, increasing with stomach irritation
Function- physical barrier between lumen and epithelium

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14
Q

Recall-
Source of secretion for bicarbonate with stimuli for release and function

A

Source- mucous neck cell
Sfr- secreted with mucous
Function- buffers gastric acid to prevent damage to epithelium

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15
Q

Recall-
Source of secretion for HCl, stimuli for release and function

A

Source - parietal cells
Sfr- ACh, gastrin, histamine
Function- activates pepsin and kills bacteria

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16
Q

Recall-
Source of secretion for intrinsic factor, stimulus for release and function

A

Source- parietal cells
Sfr- ACH, Gastrin, Histamine
Function- binds to b12 to permit absorption

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17
Q

Recall
Source of histamin
/ Stimulus for Release
and function of histamine

A

Source- enterochromaffin like cells
Sfr- ACH/gastrin
Function - Stimulate gastric acid secretion

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18
Q

Recalle source of pepsinogen/gastric lipase , stimuli for release and function

A

Both released by chief cells
Both stimulates byACh, acid, secretin
Pespin- proteins
Gastric lipase - fats

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19
Q

Recalls source stimulation for release and function of somastatin

A

D cells source
Sfr- acind in stomach
Function- stops gastric acid secretion

20
Q

Recalls source stimulation for release and function of gastrin

A

Source - G cells
Stimuli for release a ACh peptides and amino acids
Function- stimulate gastric acid secretion

21
Q

List 3 reasons to why gastric juice does not digest stomach wall

A

Mucous barrier by epithelial cells
Alkaline mucous barrier
Tight junction between epi cells prevent acid leaking

22
Q

State turnover for GI epi cells

A

Every 3 days

23
Q

How is the Stomach Surface Area increased

A

Finger like projections called villi & invaginations called crypts

24
Q

Describe relationship between surface area and absorption

A

Increased SA= Increased absorption

25
Q

Where does absorption take place

A

Small Intest

26
Q

State what happens in the duodenum

A

Enteroendocrine cells secrete peptide bile added to chyme

27
Q

Role of the liver

A

Synthesis and secretion if bile

28
Q

What are bile salts composed of

A

Cholesterol

29
Q

Role of bile/liver

A

Emulsification of fat globules
Decrease size of droplet= increase sa

30
Q

Role of gallbladder

A

Concentrates and stores bile

31
Q

When will bile be stored in gallbladder

A

When sphincter of oddi closes bile cannot enter duodenum

32
Q

Role of pancreas

A

Have acinar cells which secrete pancreatic juice into pancreatic duct containing HC03

33
Q

What is pancreatic juice made of

A

Water
Organic subs
Enzymes
Inorganic subs

34
Q

Describe the intestinal juice

A

Neutral PH
Medium for digestion and absorption
Contains digestive enzymes made from epi cells in si

35
Q

How is glucose absorbed

A

Active transport

36
Q

What cannot be digestedin stomach

A

Cellulose also known as fibre

37
Q

Explain what happens to proteins

A

Broken down to dipeptides and single amino acids and join with sodium for transport

38
Q

Explain the role of emulsification in lipid digestion

A

Bile increases lipid droplets solubility and digestibility by breaking them down to smaller pieces

39
Q

What does pancreatic lipase break TAGs down into

A

2 fatty acids
1 monoglyceride

40
Q

Where do FAs rapidly absorb into

A

Portal vein

41
Q

Steps in lipid absorption

A

Emulsification
Micelle formation
Hydrolysis
Absorption
Restedification
Lipoprotein formation/transport

42
Q

How do lipids reach blood stream

A

Absorbed by intestinal mucosa
Broken down into chylomicrons
Moved into lymphatic system
Emptied in venous blood

43
Q

How and where are vitamins absorbed

A

Jejenum and ileum
Passive diffusion

44
Q

What happens to vitamins once absorbed

A

Transported ti liver and fatty tissue by chylo/lips

45
Q

Explain the difference between absorption of vitamins and b12

A

Watee soluble vitamins diffuse into blood
B12 remains with intrinsic factor

46
Q

Recall how b12 is absorbed

A

Remains with intrinsic factor
Absorbed via endocytosis

PJ1311 Semester 2 (6 decks)

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