GI System Flashcards
What is the functional unit of the kidneys known as
Neuron
Functions of GI system
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, secretion, motility, excretion
What do efferent fibres do
Carry information from the brain stem and spinal cord to the GI tract
What do afferent fibres do
Carry sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the GI Tract to the brain stem and spinal cord
How does chewing help in digestion
Breaks down larger particles of food into small particles which makes it easier for nutrients to be broken down for absorption
What are the 3 major salivary glands
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
What is the total daily production of salvias
500ml
Parasympathetic nerves increase
Secretion
Sympathetic nerves
Reduce secretion
What is the stomach protected by
Mucous coat, tight junctions, epithelial cell replacement
What can happen if protective measures of the stomach breakdown
Inflammation and peptic ulcer
What role does the oesophagus play in digestion
Has wave like movements called peristalsis to move food down into the stomach
What role does the stomach play in digestion
Holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste
What is the duodenum responsible for
Digestion
What is the jejunum responsible for
Digestion and absorption of nutrients and water
What is the ileum responsible for
Absorption of nutrients and water
What is the function of peristalsis
Move residue towards the large intestine
Neutralise abide and digest nutrients
What does the large intestine do
Absorbs water and produces faeces from waste
What does the large intestine have
Columnar epithelium
What is the function of the liver
Blood leaves stomach and the liver processes this blood and
Breaks down, balances and creates the nutrients
Where is bile produced
Gall bladder
What does the small intestine do
Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and rids of unnecessary components
What happens to your kidneys if you lose weight
They may stop functioning or become damaged
This may cause acute renal failure
What do kidneys do
Filter gallons of fluid from the blood stream
Let out wastes and excess ions from the body in urine
Eliminate nitrogenous wastes and toxins
