GI System

Question 1

What is the functional unit of the kidneys known as

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Functions of GI system

Answer 2

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, secretion, motility, excretion

Question 3

What do efferent fibres do

Answer 3

Carry information from the brain stem and spinal cord to the GI tract

Question 4

What do afferent fibres do

Answer 4

Carry sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the GI Tract to the brain stem and spinal cord

Question 5

How does chewing help in digestion

Answer 5

Breaks down larger particles of food into small particles which makes it easier for nutrients to be broken down for absorption

Question 6

What are the 3 major salivary glands

Answer 6

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 7

What is the total daily production of salvias

Answer 7

500ml

Question 8

Parasympathetic nerves increase

Answer 8

Secretion

Question 9

Sympathetic nerves

Answer 9

Reduce secretion

Question 10

What is the stomach protected by

Answer 10

Mucous coat, tight junctions, epithelial cell replacement

Question 11

What can happen if protective measures of the stomach breakdown

Answer 11

Inflammation and peptic ulcer

Question 12

What role does the oesophagus play in digestion

Answer 12

Has wave like movements called peristalsis to move food down into the stomach

Question 13

What role does the stomach play in digestion

Answer 13

Holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste

Question 14

What is the duodenum responsible for

Answer 14

Digestion

Question 15

What is the jejunum responsible for

Answer 15

Digestion and absorption of nutrients and water

Question 16

What is the ileum responsible for

Answer 16

Absorption of nutrients and water

Question 17

What is the function of peristalsis

Answer 17

Move residue towards the large intestine
Neutralise abide and digest nutrients

Question 18

What does the large intestine do

Answer 18

Absorbs water and produces faeces from waste

Question 19

What does the large intestine have

Answer 19

Columnar epithelium

Question 20

What is the function of the liver

Answer 20

Blood leaves stomach and the liver processes this blood and
Breaks down, balances and creates the nutrients

Question 21

Where is bile produced

Answer 21

Gall bladder

Question 22

What does the small intestine do

Answer 22

Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and rids of unnecessary components

Question 23

What happens to your kidneys if you lose weight

Answer 23

They may stop functioning or become damaged
This may cause acute renal failure

Question 24

What do kidneys do

Answer 24

Filter gallons of fluid from the blood stream
Let out wastes and excess ions from the body in urine
Eliminate nitrogenous wastes and toxins

Question 25

What do the kidneys regulate

Answer 25

Blood volume and maintain balance between water and salts

Question 26

What do kidneys produce

Answer 26

Enzyme renin to regulate blood pressure
Hormone erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production

Question 27

The kidneys are retroperitoneal meaning

Answer 27

They sit behind a lining in the abdominal cavity

Question 28

What is a glomerulus

Answer 28

A knot of capillaries