GI regulatory substances

Question 1

this regulatory substance: decreases/inhibits everything (movement/secretions):
- peristalsis and emptying
- secretion of insulin and glucagon from pancreas
- bile from GB

Answer 1

Somatostatin

Question 2

this regulatory substance: increases
- gastric motility and emptying
- gastric secretions (gastric juice and HCl)

get the juices flowing and food out!

Answer 2

gastrin

Question 3

this regulatory substance:

• stimulates pancreatic secretions in response to chyme
• stimulates CONTRACTION of GB in response to fat and protein
• acts as a neural muscarinic pathway to cause pancreatic secretion

Answer 3

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 4

this regulatory substance:
secretes
- pancreas: bicarb (HCO3)
- liver: bile and bicarb

Answer 4

secretin

Question 5

this substance regulates migrating motor complexes (MMCs)

• increased in fasting state

Answer 5

motilin

Question 6

this substance increases smooth muscle relaxation (LES - lower esophageal sphincter)

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

ghrelin increases/decreases appetite, increases/decreases in fasting state

Answer 7

increases

increases

Question 8

• Inhibits gastric emptying (keeps food in the stomach) & intestinal motility
• Blocks gastric acid secretion & pancreatic exocrine function
• Suppresses appetite

Answer 8

Pancreatic Peptide YY

Question 9

this substance:

• increases intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
• increases relation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

Answer 9

vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

Question 10

vasoactive intestinal polypeptide source

Answer 10

parasypathetic ganglia in sphincter, GB, SI

Question 11

ghrelin source

Answer 11

stomach

Question 12

• Blocks gastric gland secretions & motility in response to glucose & fatty acids
• Stimulates insulin secretion

Answer 12

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

Question 13

gastrin source

Answer 13

stomach

Question 14

somatostatin source

Answer 14

stomach & duodenum

Question 15

cholecystokinin source

Answer 15

duodenum

Question 16

secretin source

Answer 16

duodenum

Question 17

motilin source

Answer 17

duodenum, jejunum

Question 18

• zollinger-ellison syndrome
• chronic PPI use
• atrophic gastritis

impacts which hormone

Answer 18

gastrin

Question 19

increases bicarbonate (HCO3) to neutralize gastric acid in duodenum

Answer 19

secretin

Question 20

tumor that produces VIP has 3 defining sx’s

Answer 20

VIPoma - watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria