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anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

a Double-layered peritoneal membrane from the stomach and duodenum to the abdominal wall or organs (lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abd. Organs)

A

omentum

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2
Q

lesser omentum connection

A

connects the liver to lesser curve of stomach and duodenum

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3
Q

greater omentum connection hangs from the greater curve of the stomach and proximal duodenum to attach to the transverse colon

A

hangs from the greater curve of the stomach and proximal duodenum to attach to the transverse colon

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4
Q

cavity formed by the lesser and greater omentum

A

lesser peritoneal sac

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5
Q

general cavity of the abdomen

A

greater peritoneal sac

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6
Q

peritoneum that specifically attaches the intestines (holds intestines in place) to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

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6
Q

A Double layer of peritoneum (membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis) with a loose connective tissue layer in the middle which attaches organs to the wall of the body

A

mesentery

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7
Q

PNS innervation
1. foregut
2. midgut
3. hindgut

A
  1. vagus nerve
  2. vagus nerve
  3. pelvic splanchnic nerve
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8
Q

SNS innervation match:

A. greater & lesser splanchnic nerves (T5-T12)
B. lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)

  1. foregut
  2. midgut
  3. hindgut
A
  1. & 2. = A
  2. B
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9
Q

which of the following aortic branches of GI are missing:

  1. celiac trunk (common hepatic, splenic, left gastric) (T12)
  2. SMA (L10)
  3. ___
  4. ___ (L2)
  5. IMA (L3)

What level is aorta bifurcation at?

A
  1. Renal arteries
  2. Gonadal arteries

Bifurcation (L4)

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10
Q

match SMA & IMA to their respective branches

A.
● Left colic artery
● Sigmoid arteries
● Superior rectal arteries

B.
● Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
● Middle colic artery
● Right colic artery
● Ileocolic artery
● Jejunal and ileal branches

A

IMA = A
SMA = B

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11
Q

which of the following is not true about the portal triad

a. contains proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, and ligamentum teres hepatis

b. located within hepatoduodenal ligament

c. contains portal vein

A

a.
Ligamentum teres hepatis is contained within the falciform ligament

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12
Q

venous drainage of the colon:
1. hepatic portal vein
2. superior mesenteric vein
3. inferior mesenteric vein
4. ____

A
  1. splenic vein
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13
Q

match

  1. internal hemorrhoids
  2. external hemorrhoids

a.
● Above pectinate line
● Visceral innervation (pelvic splanchnic nerves)
○ Not painful
● Simple columnar epithelium

b.
● Below pectinate line
● Somatic innervation (pudendal nerve)
○ Painful

A
  1. a
  2. b
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14
Q

which is F
1. UES = striated muscle
2. LES = smooth muscle
3. smooth muscle of LES is important for peristalsis (rhythmic contractions that brings a bolus of food down)
4. striated muscle are skeletal muscles that are somatically innervated (unconscious control), imp. for UES

A
  1. skeletal muscle is somatically innervated - you can consciously control it
    IMP! bc of swallowing! you can choose when to open your esophagus to swallow food - bc usually closed
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15
Q

which is F

  1. PNS stomach innervation = vagus nerve
    ○ Gastrocolic reflex
    ○ Cephalic phase
    ○ Gastric phase
  2. SNS innervation = greater splanchnic
    - slows down digestino
  3. stomach’s cardia, fundus, antrum = orad; pylors = caudad
  4. blood supply of the stomach:
    ● Short gastric arteries
    ● Gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) arteries
    ● Gastric arteries
A
  1. antrum = caudad
16
Q

t/f LI:

haustra = wrinkled pouches on surface of LI that moves chyme via peristalsis

epiploic appendages = large visible accumulations of fat

A

true

17
Q

liver: t/f

  1. caudate lobe = posterior/anterior
  2. quadrate lobe = post/ant
  3. porta hepatis aka transverse hepatic fissure = deep fissure in the inferior surface, which all the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and also hepatic ducts enter/leave
  4. blood supply = mainly proper hepatic artery
A
  1. false:
    main blood supply = PORTAL VEIN (75%)

PROPER hepatic artery (25%)

18
Q

specialized liver macrophages called

A

kupffer cells

19
Q

An enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas at the point where they enter the small intestine is called ___ of Vater

the muscular valve surrounding is called sphincter of ___

A

Ampulla of Vater
Sphincter of Oddi

20
Q

which of the following in regards to PANCREAS is FALSE:

  1. increased PANCREATIC LIPASE AND PANCREATIC AMYLASE = acute pancreatitis
  2. tail is the only intraperitoneal structure of the pancreas
  3. endocrine = main pancreatic duct (intralobular and intercalated ducts - acini)
  4. insulin is secretes by islets of langerhans Beta cells
A
  1. EXOCRINE = MAIN pancreatic duct
21
Q

islets of Langerhans are pancreatic cells that secrete which 2 hormones

A

glucagon & insulin

22
Q

common bile duct branches into which 2 ducts

A
  1. cystic duct
  2. common hepatic duct (L/R hepatic ducts)

GI (4 decks)

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