GI Regulation

Question 1

4 main GI functions

Answer 1

Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption

Question 2

2 functions of GI motility

Answer 2

Reduces particle size of material

moves material through gut in an orderly fashion

Question 3

Parasympathetic GI mediators

Answer 3

Ach

Question 4

What inhibits release of all GI peptides in the body

Answer 4

Somatostatin

Question 5

What prevents the liver from decarboxylating Gastrin?

Answer 5

Amide group on the C terminus

Question 6

What gastrin is released during a meal

Answer 6

G17

Question 7

What makes CCK different than gastrin

Answer 7

Tyrosine residue at amino 7 is always sulfated (if not CCK acts like gastrin)

Question 8

Mediators in secretin family

Answer 8

VIP, GIP, Glucagon, Secretin

Question 9

Where are hormones located in endocrine cells

Answer 9

Basal aspect of the cell

Question 10

Where is gastrin found

Answer 10

Mostly antrum (fasting gastrin released from duodenum)

Question 11

5 GI hormones

Answer 11

Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, GIP, motilin

Question 12

where is CCK found

Answer 12

Duodenum and jejunum

Question 13

What releases gastrin

Answer 13

Protein break down productions, stomach distention, and nerve activation

Question 14

What releases CCK

Answer 14

Protein and fat digestion products

Question 15

What releases secretin

Answer 15

Acid

Question 16

What releases GIP

Answer 16

Protein, fat, and carb breakdown products

Question 17

What releases motilin

Answer 17

Nerve stilumation

Question 18

Gastrin physiological effects

Answer 18

Acid secretion and mucosal growth

Question 19

CCK effects

Answer 19

Inhibits gastric emptying and causes pancreatic and bicarb secretions

Question 20

What potentiates secretin secretion

Answer 20

Bicarb released from CCK

Question 21

Secretin functions

Answer 21

Inhibits acid secretion and stimulates pancreatic bicarb secretion
keeps acid out of the duodenum

Question 22

GIP functions

Answer 22

Stimulates release of insulin and inhibits acid secretion

Question 23

When is motilin activated

Answer 23

Only in fasting individuals to stimulate gut activity

Question 24

3 Neurocrines in GI

Answer 24

VIP, Bombesin (GRP), Enkephalins

Question 25

VIP functions

Answer 25

Relaxes sphincters and gut circular muscle by stimulating NO

Question 26

Order of factors released to cause gut relaxation

Answer 26

Ach --> VIP --> NO

Question 27

Bombesin (GRP) functions

Answer 27

Stimulates gastrin release (from vagus release)

Question 28

Enkephalins function

Answer 28

Opiods, inhibits intestinal secretion and stimulates SM contraction

Question 29

2 GI paracrines

Answer 29

Somatostatin and Histamine

Question 30

Somatostatin functions

Answer 30

Inhibits gastrin release and acid secretion from parietal cells

Question 31

What releases somatostatin

Answer 31

Acid and Vagus

Question 32

Where is histamine found in GI

Answer 32

Entercromafin like cells in oxyntic glands

Question 33

What does histamine release in the GI systems

Answer 33

Gastrin and Ach

Question 34

Test for Gastrinoma

Answer 34

Secretin, will INCREASE gastrin in gastrinoma

Question 35

What causes steatorrhea is gastrinomas

Answer 35

Tons of acid inhibits pancreatic enzymes