Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RBF > GI problems 1 > Flashcards

GI problems 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What things do we want to know about bowel habits?

A
  • how regular
  • diahorrea, constipation
  • colour pale - jaundice, red - blood, black - from upper GI tract
  • blood - normally inflammatory
  • fatty
  • pain
  • what time of day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common causes for diahorrhea with blood

A
  • inflammation - crohns, UC, infection

- cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood in diahorrhea, and weight loss differntials

-what to figure out enxt

A
  • inflammation - crohns, UC, infection
  • cancer
  • weight loss - coeliac (not normally blood)
  • full blood count
  • want to know if there is malnutriton - coeliac, test b12, folate, iron ect
  • want to know how long - iron low - blood for a while

-also do stool sample to see if infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infection

A
  • diahorrhea for a couple of weeks
  • may be immune compromsied or taken antibitoics - c.difficle
  • not normally blood
  • check if recent travel
  • normally self limiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

IBS

A
  • dont normally get irregular bowel habits at night

- no bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HOW CAN we tell if it is acute or prolonged blood loss?

A

microcytic anaemia - lots of iron lost so would be chronci

-if normal - then short term bledeign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are inflammatory markers?

A
  • WBC, neutrophils, CRP, platelet
  • normocytic anaemia
  • low albumin, high ferritin - acute phase reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

** Differences between Crohns and ulcerative colitis

-other complications of crohns disease

A

Crohns - any part of GI tract

  • discontinuous inflammation
  • fistulisin, stricturing, perianal, anal fissure, deep ulcers

UC - colon only

  • continuous inflammation starting at rectum
  • shallow ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

*** differences beteen colitis, ileitis, gastritis/duodentiits

A

– Colitis – diarrhoea, bleeding
– Ileitis – abdominal pain, typically at least an hour or so post-prandial
– Gastritis/duodenitis – dypepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

** symptoms of stricural disease

A

-if get obstruction - can get abdominal pain and distentsion, vomiting, bowels not opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

*** UC symptoms

A
  • diarrhoea, bleeding
  • frequent bowel motions and urgency
  • abdominal discomfort
  • fever, malaise, weight loss
  • raised CRP, ESR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Other complicaitons of UC

A

Toxic megacolon

  • occurs in severe UC and doesnt repsosd to teratment
  • release NO, dont get contraction, and have dilated colon
  • complications - perforation

-can get damage to other body organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause for weight loss with crohns

A
  • reduced intake because of pain
  • malabsroption
  • chornci infalmmation inrease energy exependiture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*** Treatment for IBD

A
  • anti-inflamatorys - 5-aminosalicylates
  • steroids e.g prednisone
  • immunosupression

Surgery - does not treat this, but can remove parts of severe inflamamtion or stricures, absesses ect.

UC - can get colectomy is curative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

** what is consequence of resection of terminal ileum

A
  • b12 is absorbed here
  • bile salts are also absorbed here - reduced fat malabsorption - steatorrhoea
  • bile salts in colon - irritant to colon, can get secretory diahorreha
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If person has microcytic anaemia what else do we need to fnd out?

A
  • cause of iron deficicencey
  • due to vegeterian or low iron intake?
  • chronic blod loss
  • abnormal absorption? (e.g coeliac)
  • menstural loss
17
Q

Causes of abnormal blood loss?

A

-overat and occult bleeding, inflammation, ulcers, diverticulosis, polyps, cancer, angiodysplasia

18
Q

Diverticulitis

A
  • increased muscle contractions
  • causing high pressure causing branch out and form diverticular
  • mainly in sigmoid colon
  • get bleeding
  • can get this will decreased fiber diets - constipation
  • colonoscopy or CT scan
19
Q

** Rectal bleeding - colour

A

-Black - melena - upper GI tract ,small intestine
-Brigh red- outer bleedign - perianal
Bright red - left colon - mixed with stools
Dark red - proximal colon, distal smal intestine

20
Q

*** Commonest causes of GI bleeding in stomach

A
  • Peptic ulcer - NSAIDS, H. pylori - stool test to check for bacterial antigen
  • oesophagitis
21
Q

Coeliac Serology

A
  • colonoscopy
  • coelaic antibodies - elevated - need biopsy to confirm
  • gluten causes an autoimmune response - get an increase in antibodies - cause damage to villi - cannot get absorption of nutrient and minerals
  • igA tissue transglutaminase antibodies is most common
  • before testing need to hav gluten in diet 2 pieces of bread
  • can see damaged villi
  • genetics - HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 - however 50% of population has this
  • so if have other symptoms tehn may be case
22
Q

*** 3 conditions associated with coeliac disease

A
  • skin conditions - dermatitis
  • 1s degree relative with coeliac disease
  • type 1 diabetes

RBF (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions