GI pharmacology Flashcards
H2 Antagonist- inhibits actions of histamine at H2 receptor sites in the stomach, inhibits gastric acid secretion and reduces total pepsin output
MOA of Cimetidine
short term treatment of active duodenal or benign gastric ulcers; treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, prophylaxis of stress induces ulcers, treatment of erosive gastric reflux, relief symptom of heartburn and acid indigestion
Indications of Cimetidine
dizziness, confusion, headache, somnolence, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, diarrhea, impotence, gynecomastia, rash
Adverse effects of Cimetidine
neutralizes or reduces gastric acidity, resulting in an increase in gastric PH, which inhibits the proteolytic activity of pepsin
MOA of Sodium Bicarbonate
Symptomatic relief of upset stomach from hyperacidity, prophylaxis for GI bleed and stress ulcers, adjunctive treatment for severe diarrhea, also used for treatment of metabolic acidosis. May also be used for treatment of certain drug intoxications to minimize uric acid crystallization
Indications of Sodium Bicarbonate
gastric rupture, systemic alkalosis (headache, nausea, irritability, weakness, tetany, confusion) hypokalemia (secondary to intracellular shift in K+) gastric acid rebound
Adverse effects of Sodium Bicarbonate
specifically inhibit H+, K+ -ATPase enzyme on the secretory surface of gastic parietal cells, blocking final step in acid production and decreasing gastric acid levels; Suppress hyaluronic acid in the lumen of the stomach
MOA of Omeprazole
short term treatment of activated duodenal ulcers and active benign gastric ulcers. Treatment of heartburn, symptoms of GERD, pathological hypersecretory syndrome. eradicated of H. Pylori infection as part of combination therapy
Indications of Omeprazole
headaches, dizziness, vertigo, insomnia, rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, URI symptoms and cough
Adverse effects of Omeprazole
replaces pancreatic enzyme to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbs
MOA of Pancrelipase
replacement therapy in patient with deficient exocrine pancreatic secretions
Indications of Pancrelipase
nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, hyperuricosuria
Adverse effects of pancrelipase
increase the motility of the GI tract by increasing the bulk of intestinal content, which pull more fluid, stimulates local stretc receptors and activates local activity
MOA of psyllium
short term relief of occasional constipation
Indications of psyllium
diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, perianal irritation, dizziness
Adverse effects of psyllium
increase motility of the GI tract by increasing the fluid in the intestinal contents which enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch and activates local activity; osmotic laxative
MOA of Magnesium Citrate
short term relief of constipation, to prevent straining, evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures, remove ingested poisons from lower GI, adjunct anthelmintic therapy when desirable to flush helminths (worms)
Indications of Magnesium Citrate
diarrhea, abdominal cramp, bloating, perianal irritation, dizziness
Adverse effects of Magnesium Citrate
inhibits intestinal peristalsis through direct effects on longitudinal and circular muscles of the intestine wall, slowing motility and movement of water and electrocytes
MOA of Loperamide
control and symptomatic relief of acute, nonspecific diarrhea and chronic diarrhea associated with IBS, reduction of volume of discharge of ileostomies
indications of Loperamide
abdominal pain, distension, or discomfort, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, dizziness, tiredness, drowsiness
Adverse effects of Loperamide
not understood, depress various areas of CNS, including CTZ in Medulla
MOA of Prochlorperazine
control of severe nausea and vomiting
Indications of prochlorperazine
dowsiness, dystonia, photophobia, blurred vision, urine discoloration pink to red/brown
adverse effects of prochlorperazine
