GI pharmacology

Question 1

H2 Antagonist- inhibits actions of histamine at H2 receptor sites in the stomach, inhibits gastric acid secretion and reduces total pepsin output

Answer 1

MOA of Cimetidine

Question 2

short term treatment of active duodenal or benign gastric ulcers; treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, prophylaxis of stress induces ulcers, treatment of erosive gastric reflux, relief symptom of heartburn and acid indigestion

Answer 2

Indications of Cimetidine

Question 3

dizziness, confusion, headache, somnolence, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, diarrhea, impotence, gynecomastia, rash

Answer 3

Adverse effects of Cimetidine

Question 4

neutralizes or reduces gastric acidity, resulting in an increase in gastric PH, which inhibits the proteolytic activity of pepsin

Answer 4

MOA of Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 5

Symptomatic relief of upset stomach from hyperacidity, prophylaxis for GI bleed and stress ulcers, adjunctive treatment for severe diarrhea, also used for treatment of metabolic acidosis. May also be used for treatment of certain drug intoxications to minimize uric acid crystallization

Answer 5

Indications of Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 6

gastric rupture, systemic alkalosis (headache, nausea, irritability, weakness, tetany, confusion) hypokalemia (secondary to intracellular shift in K+) gastric acid rebound

Answer 6

Adverse effects of Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 7

specifically inhibit H+, K+ -ATPase enzyme on the secretory surface of gastic parietal cells, blocking final step in acid production and decreasing gastric acid levels; Suppress hyaluronic acid in the lumen of the stomach

Answer 7

MOA of Omeprazole

Question 8

short term treatment of activated duodenal ulcers and active benign gastric ulcers. Treatment of heartburn, symptoms of GERD, pathological hypersecretory syndrome. eradicated of H. Pylori infection as part of combination therapy

Answer 8

Indications of Omeprazole

Question 9

headaches, dizziness, vertigo, insomnia, rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, URI symptoms and cough

Answer 9

Adverse effects of Omeprazole

Question 10

replaces pancreatic enzyme to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbs

Answer 10

MOA of Pancrelipase

Question 11

replacement therapy in patient with deficient exocrine pancreatic secretions

Answer 11

Indications of Pancrelipase

Question 12

nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, hyperuricosuria

Answer 12

Adverse effects of pancrelipase

Question 13

increase the motility of the GI tract by increasing the bulk of intestinal content, which pull more fluid, stimulates local stretc receptors and activates local activity

Answer 13

MOA of psyllium

Question 14

short term relief of occasional constipation

Answer 14

Indications of psyllium

Question 15

diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, perianal irritation, dizziness

Answer 15

Adverse effects of psyllium

Question 16

increase motility of the GI tract by increasing the fluid in the intestinal contents which enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch and activates local activity; osmotic laxative

Answer 16

MOA of Magnesium Citrate

Question 17

short term relief of constipation, to prevent straining, evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures, remove ingested poisons from lower GI, adjunct anthelmintic therapy when desirable to flush helminths (worms)

Answer 17

Indications of Magnesium Citrate

Question 18

diarrhea, abdominal cramp, bloating, perianal irritation, dizziness

Answer 18

Adverse effects of Magnesium Citrate

Question 19

inhibits intestinal peristalsis through direct effects on longitudinal and circular muscles of the intestine wall, slowing motility and movement of water and electrocytes

Answer 19

MOA of Loperamide

Question 20

control and symptomatic relief of acute, nonspecific diarrhea and chronic diarrhea associated with IBS, reduction of volume of discharge of ileostomies

Answer 20

indications of Loperamide

Question 21

abdominal pain, distension, or discomfort, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, dizziness, tiredness, drowsiness

Answer 21

Adverse effects of Loperamide

Question 22

not understood, depress various areas of CNS, including CTZ in Medulla

Answer 22

MOA of Prochlorperazine

Question 23

control of severe nausea and vomiting

Answer 23

Indications of prochlorperazine

Question 24

dowsiness, dystonia, photophobia, blurred vision, urine discoloration pink to red/brown

Answer 24

adverse effects of prochlorperazine