Cardiac/Vascular/analgesics

Question 1

blockes ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 leading to decrease in BP. Decrease in aldosterone production and increase in serum K levels with NA+ and fluid loss DO NOT USE WITH ARB; treatment of hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction after an MI (ACE inhibitor)

Answer 1

MOA of Captopril

Question 2

hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, left ventricular dysfunction after MI

Answer 2

Indications of Captopril

Question 3

tachycardia, MI, rash, pruritus, gastric irritation, aphthous ulcers, peptic ulcers, dysgeusia, proteinuria, bone marrow suppression, cough

Answer 3

Adverse effects of Captopril

Question 4

treatment for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria with pts with type 2 diabetes and hypertension (ARB)

Answer 4

MOA of Losartan

Question 5

hypertension, diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria pts with type 2 diabetes and hyper tension

Answer 5

Indications of Losartan

Question 6

dizziness, headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain. URI, cough, back pain, fever, muscle weakness, hypotension

Answer 6

Adverse effects of Losartan

Question 7

inhibits movement of calcium ions across membrane of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, depressing impulse and leaving slowed conduction, decreased MI contractibility and dilation of arteries which lowers BO and decrease myocardial oxygen consumption; treatment for hypertension in extended release form; DO NOT CRUSH

Answer 7

MOA of Diltiazem

Question 8

essential hypertension in extended release form

Answer 8

Indications of Diltiazem

Question 9

dizziness, light headedness, headache, peripheral edema, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, flushing, nausea

Answer 9

Adverse effects of Diltiazem

Question 10

acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation and drop in BP, does not inhibit CV reflexes and tachycardia, renin release will occur; vasodilatior

Answer 10

MOA of Nitroprusside

Question 11

severe hypertension, maintenance of controlled hypertension during anesthesia, acute HF

Answer 11

Indications of Nitroprusside

Question 12

apprehension, headache, retrosternal pressure, palpitations, cyanide toxicity, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritation at injection site

Answer 12

Adverse effects of Nitroprusside

Question 13

increase intracellular calcium, and allows more calcium to enter myocardial cell during depolarization, causing positive inotropic effect (increase in contraction), increase renal perfusion with diuretic effect and decrease renin release (negative chromotropic- slower HR) and slow conduction through AV node; cardiotonic agent

Answer 13

MOA of Digoxin

Question 14

HF, atrial fibrillation

Answer 14

Indications of Digoxin

Question 15

headache, weakness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, arrhythmias, GI upset

Answer 15

Adverse effects of Digoxin

Question 16

blocks enzyme phosphodiesterase, which leads to an increase in myocardial cell cAMP, increase calcium levels in the cell, causing stronger contractions and prolonged response to sympathetic stimulation, directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle; phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Answer 16

MOA milrinone

Question 17

short term treatment for HF in patients who do not respond to digitalis, diuretics or vasodilators

Answer 17

Indications for Milrinone

Question 18

arrythmias, hypotension, nausea, coming, thrombocytopenia, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, chest pain, burning at injection site

Answer 18

Adverse effects of Milrinone

Question 19

competitively blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidney, has a membrane stabilizing effect and decreased influence on sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

MOA of Propranolol

Question 20

cardia arrhythmias, SVT, ventricular tachycardia induces by digitalis or catecholamines

Answer 20

indications of Propranolol

Question 21

bradycardia, HF, arrhythmias, heart block, CVA, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impotence, decreased exercise tolerance, antinuclear development

Answer 21

Adverse effects of Propranolol

Question 22

acts directly on the heart muscle cells to prolong repolarization and refractory period, increasing the threshold on ventricular fibrillation, also acts on peripheral smooth muscle to decrease peripheral resistance

Answer 22

MOA of Amiodarone

Question 23

treatment of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 23

Indications of Amiodarone

Question 24

malaise, fatigue, dizziness, HF, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, constipation, nausea, vomiting, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, corneal microdeposits, vision changes

Answer 24

Adverse effects of Amiodarone

Question 25

binds with bile acids in the intestine, allowing excretion in the feces instead of reabsorption, causing cholesterol to be oxidized in the liver and serum cholesterol levels to fall

Answer 25

MOA of Cholestyramine

Question 26

reduction of elevated serum cholesterol in patient with primary hypercholesterolemia pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction

Answer 26

Indications of Cholestyramine

Question 27

rash, headache, anxiety, vertigo, dizziness, constipation due to impaction, exacerbation of hemorrhoids, cramps, flatulence, nausea, increased bleeding tendencies, vit A and D deficiencies, muscle and joint pain

Answer 27

Adverse effects of Cholestyramine

Question 28

inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet synthesis of thromboxane A2

Answer 28

MOA of aspirin

Question 29

reduction in current TIA, or history of TIA, MI prophylaxis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic

Answer 29

indications of aspirin

Question 30

acute aspirin toxicity with hyperpnea, fever, coma, CV collapse, nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric discomfort, GI bleed, occult blood loss, dizziness, tinnitus, difficult hearing, anaphylactoid reaction; anticoagulant

Answer 30

Adverse effects aspirin

Question 31

inhibit thrombus and clot production by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin

Answer 31

MOA of Heparin

Question 32

prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis or PR, treatment of AF with emboli, diagnosis and treatment of DIC, prevention of blood clotting samples and heparin lock sets

Answer 32

Indications of Heparin

Question 33

hair loss, bruising, chills, fever, osteoporosis, and suppression of renal function

Answer 33

Adverse effects of Heparin

Question 34

natural glycoprotein that stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow; erythropoiesis- stimulating agent

Answer 34

MOA of Epoetin alfa

Question 35

treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure related to HIV treatment, or chemotherapy in cancer patients, to reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusions in surgical patients

Answer 35

Indications of Epoetin alfa

Question 36

transfusions in surgical patients ADVERSE EFFECT headache, arthralgias, fatigue, asthenia, dizziness, hypertension, edema, chest pain, vomiting, diarrhea

Answer 36

Adverse effects of Epoetin alfa

Question 37

MOA inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking COX-1 and COX-2 receptor sites, leading to an anti-inflammatory effect, analgesia, and antipyretic

Answer 37

MOA of Ibuprofen

Question 38

signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, relief of mild to moderate pain, dysmenorrhea, fever reduction

Answer 38

Indications of Ibuprofen

Question 39

headache, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, rash, nausea, dyspepsia, bleeding and constipation

Answer 39

Adverse effects of Ibuprofen

Question 40

MOA acts directly on the hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating, which will reduce fever, mechanism of action of analgesic in UNK

Answer 40

MOA of Acetaminophen

Question 41

treatment of mild to moderate pain, fever, s&S of common cold or flu, musculoskeletal pain associated with arthritis, and rheumatic disorders

Answer 41

Indications of Acetaminophen

Question 42

rash, fever, angina, liver toxicity, renal failure, bone marrow suppression

Answer 42

Adverse effects of acetaminophen

Question 43

genetically engineered TNF receptors react with and deactivate TNF release by active leukocytes, keeping inflammatory response in check

Answer 43

MOA of Etanercept

Question 44

reduction of s&s, improvement of function with rheumatoid arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and plaque psoriasis

Answer 44

Indications of Etanercept

Question 45

serous fatal infections, lymphoma, and other cancers, demyelinating disorders, MI, HF, and injection site reactions

Answer 45

Adverse effects of Etanercept

Question 46

activates human cellular immunity and inhibit tumor growth through increase in lymphocytes, platelets, and cytokines

Answer 46

MOA of Aldesleukin

Question 47

metastatic renal cell carcinoma in adults, treatment of metastatic melanomas

Answer 47

Indications of Aldesleukin

Question 48

mental status change, dizziness, hypotension, sinus tach, arrhythmias, pruritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, GI bleed, bone marrow suppression, respiratory difficulties, fever, chills, pain

Answer 48

Adverse effects of Aldesleukin

Question 49

reversible inhibits immunocompetent lymphocytes, inhibits T helper cells and t suppressor cells, lymphokine production, and release or interleukin 2 and t cell growth factor

Answer 49

MOA of cyclosporine

Question 50

prophylaxis for organ rejection for liver, kidney and heart transplant (with corticosteroids) treatment for chronis rejection in pts previously tested for other immune suppression, rheumatoid arthritis, recalcitrant psoriasis

Answer 50

Indications of Cyclosporine

Question 51

tremor, hypertension, gum hyperplasia, renal dysfunction, diarrhea, hirsutism, acne, bone marrow suppression, interleukin receptor antagonist.

Answer 51

Adverse effects of Cyclosporine

Question 52

blocks ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 leading to decrease in BP. Decrease in aldosterone production and increase in serum K levels with NA+ and fluid loss DO NOT USE WITH ARB; treatment of hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction after an MI (ACE inhibitor)

Answer 52

MOA of Captopril