Cardiac/Vascular/analgesics Flashcards
blockes ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 leading to decrease in BP. Decrease in aldosterone production and increase in serum K levels with NA+ and fluid loss DO NOT USE WITH ARB; treatment of hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction after an MI (ACE inhibitor)
MOA of Captopril
hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, left ventricular dysfunction after MI
Indications of Captopril
tachycardia, MI, rash, pruritus, gastric irritation, aphthous ulcers, peptic ulcers, dysgeusia, proteinuria, bone marrow suppression, cough
Adverse effects of Captopril
treatment for hypertension, diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria with pts with type 2 diabetes and hypertension (ARB)
MOA of Losartan
hypertension, diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria pts with type 2 diabetes and hyper tension
Indications of Losartan
dizziness, headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain. URI, cough, back pain, fever, muscle weakness, hypotension
Adverse effects of Losartan
inhibits movement of calcium ions across membrane of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, depressing impulse and leaving slowed conduction, decreased MI contractibility and dilation of arteries which lowers BO and decrease myocardial oxygen consumption; treatment for hypertension in extended release form; DO NOT CRUSH
MOA of Diltiazem
essential hypertension in extended release form
Indications of Diltiazem
dizziness, light headedness, headache, peripheral edema, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, flushing, nausea
Adverse effects of Diltiazem
acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation and drop in BP, does not inhibit CV reflexes and tachycardia, renin release will occur; vasodilatior
MOA of Nitroprusside
severe hypertension, maintenance of controlled hypertension during anesthesia, acute HF
Indications of Nitroprusside
apprehension, headache, retrosternal pressure, palpitations, cyanide toxicity, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritation at injection site
Adverse effects of Nitroprusside
increase intracellular calcium, and allows more calcium to enter myocardial cell during depolarization, causing positive inotropic effect (increase in contraction), increase renal perfusion with diuretic effect and decrease renin release (negative chromotropic- slower HR) and slow conduction through AV node; cardiotonic agent
MOA of Digoxin
HF, atrial fibrillation
Indications of Digoxin
headache, weakness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, arrhythmias, GI upset
Adverse effects of Digoxin
blocks enzyme phosphodiesterase, which leads to an increase in myocardial cell cAMP, increase calcium levels in the cell, causing stronger contractions and prolonged response to sympathetic stimulation, directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle; phosphodiesterase inhibitor
MOA milrinone
short term treatment for HF in patients who do not respond to digitalis, diuretics or vasodilators
Indications for Milrinone
arrythmias, hypotension, nausea, coming, thrombocytopenia, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, chest pain, burning at injection site
Adverse effects of Milrinone
competitively blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidney, has a membrane stabilizing effect and decreased influence on sympathetic nervous system
MOA of Propranolol
cardia arrhythmias, SVT, ventricular tachycardia induces by digitalis or catecholamines
indications of Propranolol
bradycardia, HF, arrhythmias, heart block, CVA, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impotence, decreased exercise tolerance, antinuclear development
Adverse effects of Propranolol
acts directly on the heart muscle cells to prolong repolarization and refractory period, increasing the threshold on ventricular fibrillation, also acts on peripheral smooth muscle to decrease peripheral resistance
MOA of Amiodarone
treatment of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias
Indications of Amiodarone
malaise, fatigue, dizziness, HF, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, constipation, nausea, vomiting, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, corneal microdeposits, vision changes
Adverse effects of Amiodarone
binds with bile acids in the intestine, allowing excretion in the feces instead of reabsorption, causing cholesterol to be oxidized in the liver and serum cholesterol levels to fall
MOA of Cholestyramine
reduction of elevated serum cholesterol in patient with primary hypercholesterolemia pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction
Indications of Cholestyramine
rash, headache, anxiety, vertigo, dizziness, constipation due to impaction, exacerbation of hemorrhoids, cramps, flatulence, nausea, increased bleeding tendencies, vit A and D deficiencies, muscle and joint pain
Adverse effects of Cholestyramine
inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet synthesis of thromboxane A2
MOA of aspirin
reduction in current TIA, or history of TIA, MI prophylaxis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic
indications of aspirin
acute aspirin toxicity with hyperpnea, fever, coma, CV collapse, nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric discomfort, GI bleed, occult blood loss, dizziness, tinnitus, difficult hearing, anaphylactoid reaction; anticoagulant
Adverse effects aspirin
inhibit thrombus and clot production by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
MOA of Heparin
prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis or PR, treatment of AF with emboli, diagnosis and treatment of DIC, prevention of blood clotting samples and heparin lock sets
Indications of Heparin
hair loss, bruising, chills, fever, osteoporosis, and suppression of renal function
Adverse effects of Heparin
natural glycoprotein that stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow; erythropoiesis- stimulating agent
MOA of Epoetin alfa
treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure related to
HIV treatment, or chemotherapy in cancer patients, to reduce the need for
allogenic blood transfusions in surgical patients
Indications of Epoetin alfa
transfusions in surgical patients
ADVERSE EFFECT headache, arthralgias, fatigue, asthenia, dizziness,
hypertension, edema, chest pain, vomiting, diarrhea
Adverse effects of Epoetin alfa
MOA inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking COX-1 and COX-2 receptor
sites, leading to an anti-inflammatory effect, analgesia, and antipyretic
MOA of Ibuprofen
signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, relief
of mild to moderate pain, dysmenorrhea, fever reduction
Indications of Ibuprofen
headache, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, rash, nausea,
dyspepsia, bleeding and constipation
Adverse effects of Ibuprofen
MOA acts directly on the hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating,
which will reduce fever, mechanism of action of analgesic in UNK
MOA of Acetaminophen
treatment of mild to moderate pain, fever, s&S of common cold or
flu, musculoskeletal pain associated with arthritis, and rheumatic disorders
Indications of Acetaminophen
rash, fever, angina, liver toxicity, renal failure, bone marrow suppression
Adverse effects of acetaminophen
genetically engineered TNF receptors react with and deactivate TNF
release by active leukocytes, keeping inflammatory response in check
MOA of Etanercept
reduction of s&s, improvement of function with rheumatoid
arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing
spondylitis and plaque psoriasis
Indications of Etanercept
serous fatal infections, lymphoma, and other cancers,
demyelinating disorders, MI, HF, and injection site reactions
Adverse effects of Etanercept
activates human cellular immunity and inhibit tumor growth through
increase in lymphocytes, platelets, and cytokines
MOA of Aldesleukin
metastatic renal cell carcinoma in adults, treatment of metastatic
melanomas
Indications of Aldesleukin
mental status change, dizziness, hypotension, sinus tach,
arrhythmias, pruritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, GI bleed, bone
marrow suppression, respiratory difficulties, fever, chills, pain
Adverse effects of Aldesleukin
reversible inhibits immunocompetent lymphocytes, inhibits T helper cells
and t suppressor cells, lymphokine production, and release or interleukin 2 and t
cell growth factor
MOA of cyclosporine
prophylaxis for organ rejection for liver, kidney and heart transplant
(with corticosteroids) treatment for chronis rejection in pts previously tested for
other immune suppression, rheumatoid arthritis, recalcitrant psoriasis
Indications of Cyclosporine
tremor, hypertension, gum hyperplasia, renal dysfunction,
diarrhea, hirsutism, acne, bone marrow suppression, interleukin receptor
antagonist.
Adverse effects of Cyclosporine
blocks ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 leading to decrease in BP. Decrease in aldosterone production and increase in serum K levels with NA+ and fluid loss DO NOT USE WITH ARB; treatment of hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction after an MI (ACE inhibitor)
MOA of Captopril
