Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 314 > GI pharm > Flashcards

GI pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) symptoms

A

gnawing, burning upper abdominal pain. maybe losing weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PUD at risk factors

A

genetics, blood group O, caffeine, smoking, corticosteroids, NSAID, stress, H. Pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GERD symptoms

A

intense heart burn & belching, N/V, dyspepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GERD high risk

A

obesity, new borns, pregnant women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pharm intervention for both PUD & GERD

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors
H2-receptor blockers
Antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

drug of choice for short term PUD & GERD therapy

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanism of Action for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

A

bind irreversibly to H+, K+- ATPase which is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) protoype drug [generic and Trade name]

A

omeprazole (Prilosec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Drug that can be given with antacids

A

omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

omeprazole classification (T&P)

A

therapeutic- antiulcer

pharmacological- proton pump inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

omeprazole side effects

A

headache, nausea, diarrhea, rash, abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mechanism of Action for H2-receptor blockers

A

suppress volume and acidity of parietal cell secretions by blocking H2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are H2 receptors responsible for?

A

increasing acid secretion in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

H2-receptor blockers prototype drug [generic and Trade name]

A

ranitidine (Zantac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ranitidine classification (T&P)

A

therapeutic- antiulcer

pharmacological- H2 receptor blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ranitidine side and adverse effects

A

headache
possible reduction in # of red and white blood cells and platelets,
impotence or loss of libido in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nursing considerations for H2 Receptor Antagonists

A
  • Give after meals
  • Monitor LFTs, bilirubin, Alk Phos, and renal function
  • no antacids w/in 1 hour of administration (decreases absorption)
  • tobacco decreases effectiveness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are antacids

A

alkaline substances used to neutralize stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antacids are seen in combination with…

A

aluminum, magnesium, sodium, or calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False: Antacids promote healing of ulcer

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mechanism of Action for antacids

A

neutralizes stomach acid by raising pH of stomach contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antacid prototype drug [generic and Trade name]

A

aluminum hydroxide (AlternalGEL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aluminum hydroxide classification (T&P)

A

therapeutic- antiheartburn drug

pharmacological- antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or False: Side effects of antacids are severe

A

False. Minor only constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the nursing considerations for antacids

A

-give @ least 2hrs before or after other drugs
-rapid onset (20mins) short duration (2hrs)
-monitor for constipation and phosphate depletion w/high doses
-magnesium- and aluminum-based products may cause diarrhea
calcium-based products may cause constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pharmacological Treatment for PUD only (not GERD)

A
  • Pepsin Inhibitors
  • Prostaglandin Analogues
  • Prokinetic Agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

“Pepsin Inhibitors” prototype/trade name

A

p: sucralfate
t: Carafate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are mucosal protective drugs?

A

Pepsin Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does sucralfate consist of?

A

sucrose (sugar) and aluminum hydroxide (antacid)

30
Q

sucralfate method of action

A

combines w/protein to form thick paste covering ulcer, protects from acid and pepsin (does not affect secretion of gastric acid)

31
Q

Nursing intervention for sucralfate (pepsin inhibitors)

A

administer 30mins before meals and bedtime (4x a day)

32
Q

Side effects of pepsin inhibitors

A

constipation

33
Q

Prostaglandin Analogue prototype drug and trade name

A

misoprostol (Cytotec)

34
Q

Primary use for misoprostol

A

prevention of peptic ulcers in patients who are taking high doses of NSAIDs or corticosteroids

35
Q

Action of misoprostol

A

increases mucous production
decreases acid
protects mucosa

36
Q

side effects of misoprostol (Prostaglandin Analogue)

A

diarrhea and abdominal cramping

37
Q

Prokinetic Agent prototype/trade name

A

p: metoclopramide
t: Reglan

38
Q

uses for metoclopramide

A

short term, used if failed 1st drug therapy

post op emesis & cancer treatments

39
Q

method of action for metoclopramide

A

causes muscles in upper intestines to contract, resulting in faster emptying of the stomach, and blocks food from re-entering the esophagus from stomach

40
Q

side effects of metoclopramide

A

drowsiness, fatigue, confusion, insomnia

41
Q

blackbox warning for metoclopramide

A

tardive dyskinesia

42
Q

types of laxatives

A

osmotic (saline),
stimulant (irritant)
bulk forming
emollient (stool softener)

43
Q

What are cathartics?

A

stronger and more complete emptying than usual laxatives

44
Q

Causes of constipation

A 
bowel obstruction (fecal impaction)
chronic laxative use (ignoring use to defecate)
neurological disorders
side effects
lack of exercise
lack of adequate water
45
Q

Contraindications for laxatives

A 
undiagnosed abdominal pain
inflammatory disorders of GI tract
spastic colon
bowel obstruction
pregnancy
46
Q

bulk-forming laxatives contain

A

fiber (which absorbs water and increases mass)

47
Q

b.f. laxative prototype drug

A

psyllium (Metamucil)

48
Q

method of action for bulk-forming (b.f.) laxative

A

absorbs water into intestines, increases bulk & peristalsis

49
Q

True or False: psyllium raises cholesterol

A

False- it lowers cholesterol

50
Q

True or False: psyllium is the drug of choice for rapid effect

A

False- it has a slow onset

51
Q

Method of action for osmotic (saline) laxative

A

hyperosmolar salt pulls water into colon and increase water in feces to increase bulk, which stimulates peristalsis

52
Q

Uses for osmotic laxatives

A

colonoscopy prep since it is fast and rapid

53
Q

Osmotic laxative drugs

A 
polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY)
lactulose (Chronulac)
54
Q

True or False: osmotic laxatives are not absorbed in the intestines

A

true

55
Q

Method of action of stimulant laxatives

A

increase peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve endings in intestinal mucosa; acts on smooth muscle

56
Q

Stimulate laxative drugs

A

prn- bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

daily- senna (Senokot)

57
Q

Side effects of stimulant laxatives

A

abdominal cramps
weakness
reddish brown urine (common)
diarrhea

58
Q

Adverse/side effect of sulfasalazine

A

photosensitivity- teach patients to use sunblock

59
Q

administration of ondansetron [Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist]

A

infuse 30 mins prior
infuse slowly over 15 mins
repeat 4 hrs after chemo

60
Q

adverse effect of metoclopramide

A

tardive dyskinesia

61
Q

common side effects of ondansetron

A

dizziness and lightheadedness

62
Q

Nurse should monitor phosphorus levels for which drug?

A

aluminum hydroxide

63
Q

Nursing assessments after sulfasalazine admin

A

temperature
skin integrity (rash)
CBC

report: sore throat or fatigue

64
Q

sulcrafate interaction with phenytoin

A

Sucralfate decreases the absorption of phenytoin. The nurse should instruct the client to allow at least 2 hr between taking the two drugs and should monitor the client’s phenytoin levels.

65
Q

Diphenoxylate/atropine should be used with caution in what condition

A

inflammatory bowel disease

66
Q

sulfasalazine, a 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is contraindicated for what issue?

A

aspirin sensitivity

67
Q

First line drug therapy for Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

5-ASA (aminosalicylic acid)

68
Q

What is the pharmacological class for sulfASAlazine?

A

5-ASA (amino salicylic acid)

69
Q

Nursing considerations for sulfASAlazine

A

not for children under 2
caution w/hepatic impairment
caution w/diabetics (increases insulin production)
Sulfa, lasix, salicylate (aspirin) allergies
monitor I/O, electrolytes, daily weights,
encourage fluid/fiber

70
Q

Side effects of sulfASAlazine (think GI symptoms)

A 
photosensitivity
headache
anorexia
dyspepsia (indigestion)
skin rash (Steven Johnson Syndrome)

Pharmacology 314 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions