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Pharmacology 314 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

NSAIDs

A

aspirin, celecoxib, ibuprophen

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2
Q

pepsin inhibitors

A

sucralfate

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3
Q

antacids

A

aluminum hydroxide

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4
Q

thiazolidinediones

A

“glitazone” ending

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5
Q

Decreases glucose production by liver and reduces glucose absorption from intestines.

Interactions: Iodinated CT dyes, nicotine, morphine and thiazide diuretics may cause lactic acidosis and AKI

A

biguanide (metformin)

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6
Q

Pharmacologic Class: ADH Analog

Therapeutic Class: Drug for diabetes insipidus and nocturia

A

DESMOPRESSIN

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7
Q

Action: Increase beta cell stimulation of INSULIN- need
functioning pancreas
Food interferes with absorption

A

meglitinides (repaglinide)

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8
Q

Incretin: GI hormone that tells pancreas to secrete insulin
Prevents breakdown of Incretin
Slows gastric emptying

A

INCRETIN MODIFIERS (-gliptin endings)

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9
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

fludrocortisone

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10
Q

Acts by inhibiting the digestive enzyme in the small intestine that is
responsible for releasing glucose from the simple carbohydrates in
the diet; slows carb digestion

A

ALPHA- GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR

acarbose & miglitol

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11
Q

Adrenal cortex -Corticosteroids -hyposecretion

A

Addison’s disease; hydrocortisone and prednisone

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12
Q

pancreatic enzyme

A

pancrelipase

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13
Q

opioid antidiarrhea

A

diphenoxylate w/ atropine

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14
Q

Interferons

A

interferon alfa-2B

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15
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANTI-THYROID DRUGS

A

Administer meds with meals
Teach pts to avoid foods, OTC meds that
contain iodine
Iodized salt, shellfish, OTC cough medicines
Monitor for s/s of hypothyroidism

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16
Q 
NO Alcohol = produces a 
disulfiram-like reaction(med 
to rx etoh abuse):
flushing, headache, 
sweating nausea, violent 
vomiting and weakness.
A

SULFONYLUREAS (glipizide)

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17
Q

long-acting insulin

A

insulin glargine

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18
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR

INTERFERON ALFA-2B

A

Available for IV, IM, and SQ administration for those at risk
of bleeding
Adverse Reaction: flulike syndrome of fever, chills,
dizziness and fatigue (50% of patients), HA, n/v,
diarrhea, anorexia, depression, suicidal ideation
Prolonged therapy can lead to serous toxicity
Teach to report fever, malaise, weakness, vaginal yeast
infections, gingivitis, and increased bleeding
Teach to rise slowly due to dizziness and changes to
LOC related to neurotoxicity
Teach to report s/s of infection & monitor for decreases
in RBCs, WBCs & platelets
Monitor for jaundice, increase in LFTs & bilirubin

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19
Q

Directly stimulates beta cells in pancreas to secrete insulin, alters sensitivity of peripheral insulin receptors, allowing for increased insulin binding

A

sulfonylureas

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20
Q

rapid-acting insulin

A

insulin aspart & insulin lispro

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21
Q

Centrally Acting COX Inhibitor

A

acetaminophen

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22
Q

emollients (stool softner)

A

docusate sodium

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23
Q

vaccine type: polio virus, whole cell pertussis, rabies, & hepatitis A

A

Inactivated (dead): Boosters sometimes needed with these

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24
Q

H2 receptor blocker

A

ranitidine

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25
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM PHARMACOTHERAPY

A

TSH, T3, T4, monitor. Take on empty stomach in morning (same time)
Hypo/hyperthyroidism, monitor for signs & symptom improvement
Review how to take a pulse
Observe clinical improvement 3 to 4 days
Increase metabolic rate is the ACTION, Increase effects of sympathomimetic and
antidepressants.
Do NOT change brands of drug

 Monitor vital signs, weight
 Administer drug before breakfast so food will not alter absorption & to
promote sleep at night
 Check labels prior to using OTCs to avoid increased CNS effects
 Advise reporting of symptoms of hyperthyroidism
 Encourage medic-alert tag
 Warn of foods that inhibit thyroid secretion (sweet potatoes & strawberries)

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26
Q

phenothiazines

A

prochlorperazine

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27
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADH THERAPY

A

Assess for electrolyte imbalances
Assess for changes in urine output and fluid intake
Monitor serum sodium and potassium levels
Monitor urine specific gravity, routine urinalysisNormal specific gravity: 1-1.03
Monitor body weight and fluid intake/output
Assess vital signs, especially blood pressure and pulse
Assess neurologic status Symptoms of headache
Changes in mental status: drowsiness, confusion
Advise patients to avoid alcohol
Monitor for s/s of excessive ADH

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28
Q

Fludrocortisone (Florinef)
 Oral mineralocorticoid
Use…

A

addison’s disease

29
Q

Incretin Modifiers

A

“-gliptin” ending

30
Q 
Corticosteroids (ant-iinflammatory)
Used to decrease 
inflammation in numerous 
chronic and acute 
conditions
A

prednisone

31
Q

serotonin receptor antagonists

A

ondansetron

32
Q

2nd gen sulfonylureas

A

glipizide

33
Q

chloride channel activator

A

lubiprostone

34
Q

corticosteroid

A

hydrocortisone

35
Q

antithyroid drug

A

methimazole

36
Q

prokinetic agent

A

metoclopramide

37
Q

Synthetic analog of human ADH, acts on the kidneys to increase water
reabsorption
Adverse Effect- water intoxication, hypertension

A

desmopressin

38
Q

thyroid hormone replacement

A

levothyroxine

39
Q

Contraindications: Thyrotoxicosis, MI, severe renal disease, adrenal insufficiency; caution with CV disease, HTN, and angina
AR: Tachycardia, HTN, palpitations, osteoporosis, seizures, angina pectoris, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse

A

LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM

40
Q

myxedema

A

hypothyroidism

41
Q

stimulant laxative

A

bisacodyl & senna

42
Q

mineral for anti-anemia

A

iron

43
Q

short-acting insulin

A

human regular insulin

44
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

acarbose & miglitol

45
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

cyclosporine

46
Q

Less toxic to bone marrow compared to other immunosuppressants
Used for ulcerative colitis
Up to 75% experience decreased urine output
Over 50% experience decreased BP and tremor
Can cause nephrotoxicity and rise in hepatic enzymes
Avoid grapefruit juice
Avoid pregnancy until at least 4 months after completion

A

cyclosporine

47
Q

Meglitinides

A

“-glinide” ending

48
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

A

omeprazole

49
Q

intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH

50
Q

alkaloid emetics

A

ipecac

51
Q

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

A

aspirin
Reye’s syndrome: children <19 when flu, fever, chicken pox present
• Brain swelling, confusion, diarrhea, tachypnea, n/v, fatigue

52
Q

Contraindicated: Infection, PUD, diabetes, CHF, MI, HTN, cataracts, glaucoma

A

prednisone

53
Q

ADH analog

A

desmopressin

54
Q

prostaglandin analogues

A

misoprostol

55
Q

bulk forming laxative

A

psyllium

56
Q

osmotic laxatives

A

polyethylene glycol & lactulose

57
Q

Approved for anti-rejection

s/p organ transplantation

A

CYCLOSPORINE

58
Q

treatment of acetaminophen overdose

A

acetylcysteine

59
Q
  • Adjusted doses dependent upon individual blood glucose
  • Usually done before eating and at bedtime AC and HS
  • Usually utilizes rapid or short-acting insulin
A

sliding scale insulin coverage

60
Q

vaccines

A

hep B

61
Q

5-aminosalicylic acid

A

sulfasalazine

62
Q

Insulin Sensitizer: Work by decreasing insulin resistance and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Improves insulin sensitivity at the receptor site. Improves blood glucose control
Does not cause hypoglycemia when taken alone because it does not stimulate pancreas to RELEASE insulin.

A

THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (-glitazones)

63
Q

retinoid lipid-soluble vitamin

A

vitamin a

64
Q

water-soluble vitamin

A

folic acid

65
Q

biguanides

A

metformin

66
Q

Adrenal cortex -Corticosteroids -Hypersecretion:

A

cushings syndrome; ketoconazole (Nizoral) and mitotane (Lysodren)

67
Q

Hypoglycemic Drugs

A

dextrose & glucagon

68
Q 
Prepared by recombinant 
DNA technology
Therapeutic class:  
Immunostimulant
• Used to treat cancers, viral 
infections
A

interferon alfa 2B

69
Q

Contraindicated in patient’s w/ hypersensitivity to yeast or HBV

A

Hep B vaccine

Pharmacology 314 (3 decks)

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