GI Pathophysiology

Question 1

1) What are the 2 cost common causes of peptic ulcer disease?

2) What are the pathogenesis’ of the 2 most common causes?

3) Clinical manifestations

4) Complications

Answer 1

1) Infection with H. pylori and Use of NSAIDs

2)
- H. pylori -> Inflammation, cytokines -> Increased acid production -> Mucosal damage -> Colonization
- NSAIDs -> Mucosal injury + decreased prostaglandin synthesis

3) Pain (rhythmic, relieved by eating)+ Discomfort

4) Hemorrhages, Perforation

Question 2

1) What characterizes Crohn’s disease?

2) Symptoms of Crohn’s disease and complications

3) What characterizes Ulcerative Colitis?

2) Clinical manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 2

1) Recurrent inflammatory response that can affect any area of the GI tract. Sharply marked granulomatous lesions. All layers can be involved, mostly submucosa.

2) Periods of exacerbations/remissions. Symptoms depend on which part of the GI tract is affected. Diarrhea (often without blood), weight-loss, abdominal pain, nutritional deficiency. Complications Fistulas (Forms connections between sites of the GI tract)

3) Non-specific inflammatory condition. Often affects mucosa and submucosa. Initiates in rectum and has continuous spread.

4) Relapsing disorder with attacks of diarrhea. Stool with mucus and blood. Anorexia, weakness, fatigue. Symptoms depend on how much of the GI tract is affected. Severe disease -> Increased risk of toxic megacolon.