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GI Week 4 > GI Parasites- Zimmer > Flashcards

GI Parasites- Zimmer Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between a protozoan and a helminth?

A

Protozoan = unicellular eurkaryote

Helminth = multicellular eurkaryote

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2
Q

Most common intestinal parasite in U.S.?

A

Giardia

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3
Q

What population is most susceptible to Giardia?

A

Backpackers/Hikers

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4
Q

34 year old male just got back from the boundary waters. Complains of foul-smelling diarrhea, flatulance, and greasy stools that float…… what do you think it is?

A

Giardia

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5
Q

What are the 3 protozoan parasites?

A

Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Entamoeba

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6
Q

HIV+ patient presents to clinic with frequent, WATERY, non-bloody stool after a weekend at the Dells (where a storm knocked out their sanitation center)…. what do you think it would be?

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum

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7
Q

Describe differences between amebic and bacillary dysentery

A

Amebic = gradual
No fever, chills, pus
Less prostration
Chronic course

Bacillary = sudden
Fever, cills, puss
More prostration
Acute course

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8
Q

A male homosexual patient returns from a trip from the tropics and presents with Bloody, mucus-ey stool….. what do you think it would be?

A

Entamoeba Histolytic

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9
Q

Treatment for Giardia?

A

Metronidazole/ Tinidazole

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10
Q

MOA of Metronidazole? Toxicity?

A

Toxic metabolites generate free radicals and damage DNA

  • disulfiram reaction
  • disturb normal flora
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11
Q

Do you treat crypto in immunocompotent people?

A

Not usually

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12
Q

How should you treat an AIDs patient that has cryptosporidium?

A
  1. Nitazoxanide
  2. Viral Therapy
  3. Loperamide = anti-peristaltic
  4. Oral rehydration
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13
Q

MOA of nitazoxanide?

A

Inhibits PFOR that converts pyruvate to acetyl coA

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14
Q

The PFOR enzyme that is inhibited by nitazoxanide is analogous to what enzyme in mammals?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase Complex

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15
Q

What are the two luminal antiparasitics used to treat intestinal protozoa?

A

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

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16
Q

MOA of paromomycin?

A

Aminoglycoside! Targets 30 S ribosome

17
Q

Why do you not get the classic ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity with paromomycin (aminoglycoside)?

A

Because it is a LUMINAL antiparasitic!

Minimal absorption after oral administration

18
Q

Most common helminth infection is US?

A

Enterobius = pinworm

19
Q

Will you find enterobius in stool sample?

A

No!

Need to use “scotch tape” method around peri anal area to retrieve eggs…

20
Q

What setting is enterobius common in?

A

Daycare settings

21
Q

Where are you likely to find soil-transmitted roundworms?

A
  • Where human feces is used for fertilizer

- Warm humid climates

22
Q

What helminth infection causes a pruritic papular erythematous rash AND iron deficiency anemia?

A

Ancylostoma/ Necator

23
Q

What helminth infection can possible autoinfect, especially with immunosuppressed individuals?

A

Strongyloides

24
Q
  • Barrel-shaped eggs in feces
  • Bloody diarrhea causing iron deficiency anemaia
  • Could even progress to rectal prolapse
A

Trichuris Trichiura

25
Q

Which parasitic infeciton are Charcot-Leyden crystals associated with?

A

Ascaris = giant round worms

26
Q

What are charcot-leyden crystals?

A

Formed from the breakdown of eosinophils and may be seen in the stool or sputum of patients with parasitic diseases

27
Q

Albendazole/ Mebendazole MOA

A

For GI helminths

Binds to parasite B-tubulin and inhibits the formation of microtubules

Limited oral absorption

28
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate and Levamisole MOA

A

For GI helminths

Selectively opens a restricted subgroup of nematode ACh receptors ion channels in nematode nerve and muscle

Causes spastic muscle contraction

Parasite is unable to maintain its location and is the swept away, effecting the cure

29
Q

Ivermectin MOA

A

For GI Helminths

Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channel isn invertebrate nerve and muscle cells

Causes deactivation of channel

Worm paralysis and death by starvation

30
Q

What infection causes perianal pruritus?

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

GI Week 4 (8 decks)

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