GI Parasites 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what two phyla make up the Helminths?

A
  1. Flatworms (Flukes and Cestodes/Tapeworms)

2. Roundworms or nematodes

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2
Q

define zoonotic

A

-disease can be passed between animals and humans

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3
Q

Cestodes
aka?
reproductive system?
Receive nutrition how?

A
  • tapeworms
  • extensive reproductive system
  • nutrition by absorption
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4
Q

what is the head of a cestode called?

A

scolex

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5
Q

strobila are composed of _______?

A

proglottids

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6
Q

what is the striking feature of Taenia Saginata?

A

-the passage of active and passive proglotids

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7
Q

what is a common name for Taenia Saginata?

A

the beef tapeworm (cestode)

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8
Q

what is the type of organism for Taenia Saginata?

A

cestode

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9
Q

how is Taenia saginata transmitted?

A

cattle is the intermediate host and humans eat undercooked infected meat

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10
Q

what does Taenia saginata cause?

A
  • mild abdominal symptoms

- Taeniasis

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11
Q

How is Taenia solium transmitted?

A
  • the pig is the intermediate host
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12
Q

what are the symptoms and risks of Taenia solium?

A
  • symptom: passage of passive proglottids

- Risk of developing cysticercosis

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13
Q

cysterci develop where and in regards to what organisms?

A

-cysterci develope in muscle in both Taenia saginata and solium

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14
Q

cysticercosis occurs in what organisms?

who does it infect?

A
  • infects both humans and pigs

- the larvel stage of Taenia solium is what is infective

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15
Q

what is the risk of cysticercosis?

A

neurocysticercosis

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16
Q

what type of organisms is Diphylobothrium latum?

A

-cestode (tapeworm)

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17
Q

what is helpful in identifying Diphylobothrium latum?

A

-marked by elongated scolex

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18
Q

how is Diphylobothrium latum transmitted?

A

-crustacean eats the larvae and fish eat the crustaceans, and humans consume the raw or undercooked fish

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19
Q

what does Diphylobothrium latum cause?

A
  • causes Diphyllobothriasis
  • most is asymptomatic
  • causes vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, vitamin b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
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20
Q

what type of organism is Fasciolopsis buski?

A

-a large intestina fluke

21
Q

what does Fasciolopsis buski cause?

A
  • Fasciolpsiasis

- most is asymptomatic but severe infections have diarrhea, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, eosinophilia

22
Q

how is Fasciolopsis buski transmitted?

A

-the snail is the intermediate host, humans eat infected water plants or pigs eat the infected water plants and cause disease

23
Q

where do adult Fasciolopsis buski live?

A
  • adults reside in the intestine of mammalian host
24
Q

what is the proper word for roundworms?

A

Nematodes

25
Q

describe the characteristics of a Nematode?

A
  • body covered in tough protective cuticle like insects (this is shed to grow)
  • pseudocoelomate
  • simple nervous and excretory system
  • no circulatory system
  • ** NO intermediate host
26
Q

what is the most common helminthic infection in the US?

A

Enterobius vermicularis?

27
Q

what type of organism is Enterobius vermicularis?

A

a roundworm/ Nematode

28
Q

what does Enterobius vermicularis cause?

when and where geographically is it typically found?

A
  • causes enterobiasis

- found more commonly in children and in temperate climate

29
Q

how is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

A

-hand to hand, person to person, and fomite transmission

30
Q

what is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis?

A

pinworm

31
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides is what type of organism?

A

a nematode/ roundworm

32
Q

what is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

roundworm of man

33
Q

where is Ascaris lumbricoides found?

A
the intestine (ha :)
-found in southeastern us
34
Q

what is the most common helminthic infection worldwide?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

35
Q

how is Ascaris lumbricoides spread once it is in the body?

A

-larvae hatch in the intestine and then spread via the circulatory system to the lungs. The larvae mature in the lungs and then are swallowed to the small intestine

36
Q

what does Ascaris lumbricoides cause?

A

ascariasis

  • abdominal pain/ obstruction, stunted growth,
  • Causes EOSINOPHILIA (Loeffler’s syndrome)
37
Q

what is a sequelae?

A
  • a condition that is a consequence of a previous infection
38
Q

what helminths are hemaphrodites?

A

cestodes and flukes

39
Q

how many intermediate hosts do cestodes (tapeworms) have?

A

one

40
Q

how many intermediate hosts do flukes (trematodes) have?

A

most have two intermediate hosts

41
Q

how many intermediat hosts do roundworms (nematods) have?

A

none

42
Q

what is the sex of roundworms?

A

separate sexes

43
Q

what is the morphology of tapeworms (cestodes)?

A

-head with flat segmented body (proglottids)

44
Q

what is the morphology of flukes (trematodes)

A

leaf shaped with oral and ventral suckers

45
Q

what is the morphology of roundworms (nematodes)

A

spindle shaped

46
Q

what is Toxoplasma gondii?

A
  • obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa
  • cat is definitive host
  • causes Toxoplasmosis (most is asymptomatic or flue like symptoms)
47
Q

what is Pneumocystis carinii?

A
  • a yeast like fungus
  • causes pneumocystis pneumonia
  • opportunistic infection
  • fever non productive cough, can cause a pneumothorax
48
Q

what two organisms cause eosinophilia?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides and Fasciolopsis buski