GI Parasites 2 Flashcards
what two phyla make up the Helminths?
- Flatworms (Flukes and Cestodes/Tapeworms)
2. Roundworms or nematodes
define zoonotic
-disease can be passed between animals and humans
Cestodes
aka?
reproductive system?
Receive nutrition how?
- tapeworms
- extensive reproductive system
- nutrition by absorption
what is the head of a cestode called?
scolex
strobila are composed of _______?
proglottids
what is the striking feature of Taenia Saginata?
-the passage of active and passive proglotids
what is a common name for Taenia Saginata?
the beef tapeworm (cestode)
what is the type of organism for Taenia Saginata?
cestode
how is Taenia saginata transmitted?
cattle is the intermediate host and humans eat undercooked infected meat
what does Taenia saginata cause?
- mild abdominal symptoms
- Taeniasis
How is Taenia solium transmitted?
- the pig is the intermediate host
what are the symptoms and risks of Taenia solium?
- symptom: passage of passive proglottids
- Risk of developing cysticercosis
cysterci develop where and in regards to what organisms?
-cysterci develope in muscle in both Taenia saginata and solium
cysticercosis occurs in what organisms?
who does it infect?
- infects both humans and pigs
- the larvel stage of Taenia solium is what is infective
what is the risk of cysticercosis?
neurocysticercosis
what type of organisms is Diphylobothrium latum?
-cestode (tapeworm)
what is helpful in identifying Diphylobothrium latum?
-marked by elongated scolex
how is Diphylobothrium latum transmitted?
-crustacean eats the larvae and fish eat the crustaceans, and humans consume the raw or undercooked fish
what does Diphylobothrium latum cause?
- causes Diphyllobothriasis
- most is asymptomatic
- causes vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, vitamin b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
what type of organism is Fasciolopsis buski?
-a large intestina fluke
what does Fasciolopsis buski cause?
- Fasciolpsiasis
- most is asymptomatic but severe infections have diarrhea, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, eosinophilia
how is Fasciolopsis buski transmitted?
-the snail is the intermediate host, humans eat infected water plants or pigs eat the infected water plants and cause disease
where do adult Fasciolopsis buski live?
- adults reside in the intestine of mammalian host
what is the proper word for roundworms?
Nematodes
describe the characteristics of a Nematode?
- body covered in tough protective cuticle like insects (this is shed to grow)
- pseudocoelomate
- simple nervous and excretory system
- no circulatory system
- ** NO intermediate host
what is the most common helminthic infection in the US?
Enterobius vermicularis?
what type of organism is Enterobius vermicularis?
a roundworm/ Nematode
what does Enterobius vermicularis cause?
when and where geographically is it typically found?
- causes enterobiasis
- found more commonly in children and in temperate climate
how is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?
-hand to hand, person to person, and fomite transmission
what is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis?
pinworm
Ascaris lumbricoides is what type of organism?
a nematode/ roundworm
what is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides?
roundworm of man
where is Ascaris lumbricoides found?
the intestine (ha :) -found in southeastern us
what is the most common helminthic infection worldwide?
Ascaris lumbricoides
how is Ascaris lumbricoides spread once it is in the body?
-larvae hatch in the intestine and then spread via the circulatory system to the lungs. The larvae mature in the lungs and then are swallowed to the small intestine
what does Ascaris lumbricoides cause?
ascariasis
- abdominal pain/ obstruction, stunted growth,
- Causes EOSINOPHILIA (Loeffler’s syndrome)
what is a sequelae?
- a condition that is a consequence of a previous infection
what helminths are hemaphrodites?
cestodes and flukes
how many intermediate hosts do cestodes (tapeworms) have?
one
how many intermediate hosts do flukes (trematodes) have?
most have two intermediate hosts
how many intermediat hosts do roundworms (nematods) have?
none
what is the sex of roundworms?
separate sexes
what is the morphology of tapeworms (cestodes)?
-head with flat segmented body (proglottids)
what is the morphology of flukes (trematodes)
leaf shaped with oral and ventral suckers
what is the morphology of roundworms (nematodes)
spindle shaped
what is Toxoplasma gondii?
- obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa
- cat is definitive host
- causes Toxoplasmosis (most is asymptomatic or flue like symptoms)
what is Pneumocystis carinii?
- a yeast like fungus
- causes pneumocystis pneumonia
- opportunistic infection
- fever non productive cough, can cause a pneumothorax
what two organisms cause eosinophilia?
Ascaris lumbricoides and Fasciolopsis buski
