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D1 Host and Defense > GI LAB > Flashcards

GI LAB Flashcards

1
Q

On MAC is Salmonella a lactose fermenter?

A

Salmonella = non lactose fermenter

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2
Q

On MAC is Shigella a lactose fermenter?

A

Shigella = non lactose fermenter

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3
Q

On MAC is Shiga producing E. Coli (STEC) a lactose fermenter?

A

Shiga producing E. Coli (STEC) = Lactose Fermenter

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4
Q

On MAC is Vibrio a lactose fermenter?

A

Vibrio = non-lactose fermenter

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5
Q

On MAC is Campylobacter a lactose fermenter?

A

Campylobacter = no growth on MAC

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6
Q

Salmonella is oxidase?

A

Salmonella = oxidase negative

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7
Q

Shigella is oxidase?

A

shigella = oxidase negative

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8
Q

Shiga producing E. Coli (STEC) is oxidase?

A

Shiga producing E. Coli (STEC)= oxidase negative

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9
Q

Vibrio is oxidase?

A

Vibrio = oxidase positve

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10
Q

Campylobacter is oxidase?

A

campylobacter = oxidase positive

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11
Q

what type of media will Vibrio grow on?

A

TCBS

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12
Q

how to detect H2S?

A

via SIM (sulfide indole motility agar)

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13
Q

what organisms produce H2S?

A

salmonella

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14
Q

what conditions does Clostridium difficile require to grow?

A

anaerobic sheep blood agar

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15
Q

what organism smells like horse barn?

A

clostridium difficile

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16
Q

what does Campylobacter need to grow?

A

CAMPy CVA media (cefoperazone, vancomycin and amphotericin B)
-incubate at 42 degrees celcius in 105 CO2

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17
Q

what is the gram stain and morphology of Clostridium difficile?

A

C. diff. = gram positive bacilli - anaerobic

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18
Q

what is the gram stain and morphology of Vibrio

A

Vibrio = curved gram negative bacilli

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19
Q

what is the gram stain and morphology of Campylobacter?

A

Campy = curved gram negative bacilli

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20
Q

what is the gram stain and morphology of Salmonella?

A

Salmonella = gram negative bacilli

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21
Q

what is the gram stain and morphology of Shigella?

A

shigella = gram negative bacilli

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22
Q

what is the gram stain and morphology of STEC?

A

gram negative bacilli

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23
Q

how to identify Cryptosporidium?

A

microscopy showing acid fast oocysts

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24
Q

how to identify Giardia?

A

microscopy showing cysts and trophozoites in stool; prefered method = antigen detection

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25
Q

does Salmonella oxidize and or ferment glucose?

A

salmonella ferments glucose

26
Q

does Shigella oxidize and or ferment glucose?

A

shigella ferments glucose

27
Q

does Shiga toxin producing E. Coli (STEC) oxidize and or ferment glucose?

A

Shiga toxin producing E. Coli (STEC) ferments glucose

28
Q

does Vibrio oxidize and or ferment glucose?

A

Vibrio ferments glucose

29
Q

STEC in fermentation of sorbitol?

A

STEC - does NOT ferment sorbitol - it will ferment lactose

30
Q

enterics and glucose fermentation?

A

all enterics are glucose fermentoers

31
Q

all enteric gram negative bacilli are oxidase?

A

-negative

32
Q

what do most species of Vibrio require to grow?

A

NaCl

33
Q

what is the consistency of stool that cysts and trophs are found in?

A

cysts - more solid stools

trophs - watery stools

34
Q

in giardia what stage is infecive?

A

the cyst stage is infectious

35
Q

what is the trophozoite stage in giardia?

A

the trophozoite stage has flagella and is for feeding and reproduction

36
Q

what causes C. difficile?

A
  • broad spectrum antibiotics

- recent hospitalization

37
Q

what causes the problems and symptoms in C. Diff?

A
  • C. Diff is antibiotic resistant and produces spores and it outgrow the normal flora
  • pathogenic strains often have toxin A, Toxin B
38
Q

signs and symptoms of C. diff?

A

-bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, higher WBC

39
Q

how to treat C. diff?

A
  • stop antibiotics
  • start oral vancomycin or metronidazole
  • avoid antidiarrheals
40
Q

what is the leading cause of gastric injury with inflammation?

A

Helicobacter pylori

41
Q

what can H. pylori cause?

A
  • erythema, nodularity due to patchy inflammation
  • gastic or duodenal ulcer
  • inflammation of the antrum
42
Q

gram stain and morphology of Helicobacter pylori?

A

gram negative bacilli

43
Q

what forms of hepatitis are acute?

A

hepatitis A is acute

44
Q

what forms of hepatitis can causes cirrhosis of the liver?

A

type B and C

45
Q

when is biopsy indicated in testing for hepatitis?

A

to assess chronic viral hepatitis that lasts for than 6 months

46
Q

what is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis?

A

hepatitis C

47
Q

what does cirrhosis of the liver look like?

A

nodules

48
Q

how long does acute diarrhea last for?

A

less than 2 weeks

49
Q

how long does persistent diarrhea last for?

A

2-4 weeks

50
Q

how long does chronic diarrhea last for?

A

great than 4 weeks

51
Q

describe the likely causative agent of acute diarrhea?

A

viral and bacterial

52
Q

how to tell the difference of viral and bacterial acute diarrhea based on symptoms?

A
  • viral = self limited

- bacterial = if severe or with fever or bloody stool

53
Q

describe the likely causative agent of persistent diarrhea?

A
  • less likely bacterial or viral

- can be parasite

54
Q

a malabsorption of fat causes?

A

-greasy stools that float in the toilet and smell bad and lots of gas

55
Q

high volume diarrhea is an issue with what anatomical site?

A

the small intestine

-less at night and worse after meals

56
Q

STEC and cholera cause what type of stool?

A

high volume water diarrhea and dehydration b/c toxins block fluid reabsorption

57
Q

what 3 things form spores?

A
  • bacillis cereus
  • clostridium perfringes
  • clostridium difficile
58
Q

what causes neonatal meningitis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

59
Q

what causes Hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

STEC

60
Q

entrobacteria are treated by?

A

carbabenems

D1 Host and Defense (5 decks)

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