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VET 405: GI > GI Parasites > Flashcards

GI Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

flagellate protozoa

A

giardia
tritrichomonas

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2
Q

coccidia protozoa

A

cryptosporidium
eimeria
cystoisospora

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3
Q

nematodes - ascarids

A

ascaris suum
parascaris equorum
toxocara cati/cani
toxascaris leonina
toxocara vitulorum

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4
Q

nematodes - strongyles

A

hookworms
trichuris (whipworms)
cyathostomes (small strongyles)
large strongyles
trichostrongylus (ostertagia, haemonchus, nematodirus)

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5
Q

trematodes

A

fasciola hepatica
nanophyetus salmincola

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6
Q

cestodes

A

dipylidium caninum
taenia

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7
Q

giardia

A

infects young > adult
highly zoonotic
transmission: cyst ingestion
“smiley face” trophozoites
diagnostics: fecal float, PCR/DFA

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8
Q

tritrichomonas

A

cats only
not zoonotic
transmission: trophozoite ingestion
NO cyst stage - doesn’t survive long in environment
diagnostics: PCR > culture > direct smear

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9
Q

cryptosporidium

A

many species; young ruminants mostly
HIGHLY zoonotic
transmission: oocyst ingestion
oocysts are IMMEDIATELY infective
causes cryptosporidiosis
diagnostics: fecal float

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10
Q

eimeria

A

infects young > adult
livestock
NOT zoonotic - species specific
transmission: ingestion of sporulated oocyst
oocysts sporulate in environment
causes coccidiosis
diagnostic stage: unsporulated oocyst
infective stage: sporulated oocyst (4 x 2)

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11
Q

cystoisospora

A

infects young > adult
dogs, cats, pigs
NOT zoonotic - species specific
transmission: ingestion of sporulated oocyst OR paratenic host
diagnostic stage: unsporulated oocyst
infective stage: sporulated oocyst (2 x 4)

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12
Q

ascaris suum

A

pigs
weakly zoonotic
transmission: fecal-oral
- liver-lung migration
diagnostics: fecal
diagnostic stage: eggs
infective stage: L3

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13
Q

parascaris equorum

A

young horses
transmission: fecal-oral
“summer cold” - respiratory + GI signs

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14
Q

toxocara cati/canis

A

cats (cati), young dogs (canis)
not zoonotic - aberrant hosts get VLM/OLM
transmission (cati): egg or paratenic host ingestion, +/- transmammary
transmission (cani): transmammary, transplacental, egg or paratenic host ingestion

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15
Q

toxascaris leonina

A

dogs, cats
no transplacental transmission
no liver-lung migration

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16
Q

toxocara vitulorum

A

ruminants
transmission: fecal-oral
causes intestinal impactions

17
Q

hookworms (ancylostoma, uncinaria, necator)

A

infects young > adults
dogs, cats
HIGHLY zoonotic
transmission: ingestion of larvae
- encysts in tissues –> released when sick/stressed
- HEMATOPHAGOUS (anemia, emaciation)
diagnostics: fecal - only active NOT encysted eggs

18
Q

trichuris (whipworms)

A

infects adults
dogs, cats, pigs, ruminants, camelids
transmission: ingestion
- prepatent period = 3 MONTHS
diagnostics: fecal - football shaped egg

19
Q

cyathostomes (small strongyles)

A

MOST IMPORTANT IN HORSES

horses
transmission: ingestion of embryonated eggs
- must develop ON PASTURE
- HYPOBIOSIS - arrest and release under good conditions
diagnostics: fecal - larvae

20
Q

large strongyles

A

MOST IMPORTNAT IN HORSES

horses
transmission: ingestion of embryonated eggs
- must develop ON PASTURE
- cause cranial mesenteric artery thrombosis
diagnostics: fecal - larvae

21
Q

trichostrongylus - ostertagia ostertagi

A

MOST IMPORTANT IN CATTLE

young ruminants
transmission: ingestion of embryonated eggs
- targets: gastric glands in abomasum
- must develop ON PASTURE
- HYPOBIOSIS
- prepatent period: 3 WEEKS

type 1: diarrhea
type 2: presents in 2nd grazing season from hypobiosis

22
Q

trichostrongylus - haemonchus contortus

A

MOST IMPORTANT IN SMALL RUMINANTS & CAMELIDS

young ruminants
transmission: ingestion of embryonated eggs
- targets: abomasum
- must develop ON PASTURE

HEMATOPHAGOUS
NO DIARRHEA

23
Q

trichostrongylus - nematodirus

A

young sheep

survives the cold/winter
highly pathogenic among sheep

24
Q

fasciola hepatica

A

sheep and cattle
- sheep: infected by young flukes
- cattle: infected by adult flukes
weakly zoonotic
transmission: requires SNAILS as IH
- prepatent period: 3 MONTHS
diagnostics: fecal/bile sedimentation

liver flukes –> liver failure/cholangiohepatitis

25
Q

nanophyetus salmincola

A

dogs
transmission: requires SNAILS and FISH as IH
- ingestion of Neorickettsia infected fluke or salmon/trout
diagnostics: fecal sedimentation

salmon poisoning disease

26
Q

dipylidium caninum

A

dogs, cats
HIGHLY zoonotic
transmission: requires FLEAS as IH
- subclinical/pruritis
diagnostics: observation when passing in feces; fecal - egg packets

27
Q

taenia

A

dogs, cats, ruminants
transmission: prey on infected animals/carcasses; ingestion in environment
- subclinical/pruritis
diagnostics: fecal - egg packets

VET 405: GI (19 decks)

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