GI Parasite Protozoan

Question 1

Four classes of protozoa

Answer 1

Amoeba - pseudopodia
Flagellates

Sporozoans - gliding

Ciliates

Question 2

Protozoa reproduction

Answer 2

Asexually, via binary fission

Some can reproduce via schizogony (asexually) or sporogoy (sexually)

Question 3

Protozoa protection

Answer 3

Many produce a cyst form, which prevents damage and aid in transmission

Question 4

Entamoeba histolytica disease

Answer 4

Amebiasis
Dysentery

Fever is rare

Question 5

Lifecycle of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 5

Excretion of cysts, fecal-oral transmission, activates, then three fates

Question 6

Three fates of the activated Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 6

Remain in lumen
Invade colon wall, then return to lumen

Travels into circulation

Question 7

Amebiasis transmission (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic)

Answer 7

Symptomatic individuals shed more trophozoite form, so transmission is LOW
Asymptomatic individuals shed more cyst form, so transmission is HIGHER

Question 8

Amebiasis penetration into intestinal wall

Answer 8

Flasked-shaped lesion

Question 9

Amebiasis dissemination

Answer 9

Liver abscess

Abdominal pain, fever, elevated WBCs

Question 10

Amebiasis diagnosis

Answer 10

Stool examination or Ag detection

Biopsy and serology

Question 11

Giardia lamblia disease

Answer 11

Giardiasis

Diarrhea, NO dysentery

Question 12

Giardia life cyle

Answer 12

Excretion of cysts, fecal-oral route, excyst in duodenum, binary fission, attach to mucosa of small intestine, NON-INVASIVE

Question 13

Giardiasis symptoms

Answer 13

Sudden onset
Foul smelling, greasy, floating diarrhea

Cramping, bloating, gas

NO dysentery, no fever

Question 14

Giardiasis diagnosis

Answer 14

Observing cysts in formed stools or trophozoites in diarrheal stools

Question 15

Balantidium coli disease

Answer 15

Balantidiasis

Question 16

Balantidium coli life cycle

Answer 16

Excretion of cysts, fecal-oral, remain in lumen or invade intestinal wall (return to lumen)

Question 17

Balantidiasis symptoms

Answer 17

Generally asymptomatic
Chronic can result in alternating diarrhea and constipation

Acute (invasion) results in dysentery

Question 18

Cryptosporidium parvum disease

Answer 18

Cryptosporidiosis

Question 19

Cryptosporidiosis life cycle

Answer 19

Excretion of mature oocyst, fecal-oral, sporozoites attach to intestinal epithelium and matures (schizogony), gametogony is produced, produces more oocysts

Question 20

Cryptosporidiosis symptoms

Answer 20

Profuse, watery diarrhea accompanied by cramping, fatigue, and weight loss
NO blood in stools

Question 21

Cryptosporidiosis diagnosis

Answer 21

Detection of acid-fast oocyst in stool

Question 22

Isospora belli life cycle

Answer 22

Excretion of immature oocyst with sporocyst, sporozoites divide and mature in intestinal mucosal cells, gametogomy produces fertilized oocyst

Question 23

Isospora belli symptoms

Answer 23

Increasingly present in immunocompromised
Fever, diarrhea, weight loss

Severe in AIDS patients

Question 24

Cyclospora life cycle

Answer 24

Excretion of unsporulated oocyst, environmental contamination, sporulation occurs in the environment, ingestion, reproduction, produce unsporulated oocyst

Question 25

Cyclospora diagnosis

Answer 25

Fluorescent under UV light

Question 26

Cyclospora symptoms

Answer 26

Profuse, watery diarrhea
Cramping, fatigue, weight loss

Prolonged (weeks)

Severe in AIDS patients

Question 27

Microsporidia disease

Answer 27

Microsporidiosis

Question 28

Microsporidia features

Answer 28

Obligate intracellular parasites
Primitive

Spore-forming

Intestinal disease or dissemination

Question 29

Microsporidia intestinal symptoms

Answer 29

Chronic, debilitating diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss

Question 30

Microsporidia disseminated symptoms

Answer 30

Keratoconjunctivitis

Can be involved in any organ system