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Micro Exam 4 > GI bacteria III > Flashcards

GI bacteria III Flashcards

1
Q

Vibrio features

A

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, curved
Broad temperature and pH range for growth, but susceptible to stomach acid

Requires NaCl to grow

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2
Q

Vibrio cholerae range of disease

A

Asymptomatic to severe watery diarrhea

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3
Q

Vibrio cholerae incubation

A

2-3 days

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4
Q

Vibrio cholerae immunity

A

Appears to be O Ag specific

If the O Ag on the LPS on the Vibrio cholerae strain mutates, you lose immunity to that strain

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5
Q

Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis

A

Toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP)

Cholera toxin

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6
Q

TCP

A

Adherence of Vibrio cholerae to intestinal epithelial cells

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7
Q

Cholera toxin

A

AB toxin
Increase cAMP, mass efflux of water

Encoded on CTX-phi (prophage)

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8
Q

Vibrio cholerae diagnosis and treatment

A

Culture (differential media)

Rehydration therapy

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9
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus disease

A

Explosive watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps

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10
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus epidemiology, treatment, and prevention

A

Raw shellfish
Self-limiting disease

Properly cook shellfish

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11
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica features and symptoms

A

Gram-negative coccobaccilli

Fever, abdominal cramps, water to bloody diarrhea, can last 1-2 weeks

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12
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica pathogenesis

A

Poorly understood
Binds to M-cells

Involves T3SS

Produces heat-stable enterotoxin

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13
Q

Clostridium difficile features

A

Gram-positive aerobe
Non-invasive

Spore forming

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14
Q

Clostridium difficile disease

A

Wide range, asymptomatic to diarrhea to colitis to toxic megacolon

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15
Q

What is CDAD?

A

C. difficile-associated diarrhea

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16
Q

What is pseudomembrane colitis?

A

Raised, adherent yellow plaques in the colon

Can progress to fulminant colitis

17
Q

C. diff. pathogenesis

A

Toxin A and toxin B
Damages the mucosa

Disrupt host cell cytoskeleton = diarrhea

18
Q

C. diff. diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

A

Toxin detection in stool
Vancomycin or metronidazole

Fecal transplant

19
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) features

A

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, lots of animal reservoirs, generally non-invasive

20
Q

EHEC disease

A

Hemorrhagic colitis = bloody diarrhea

Sequelae (hemolytic uremic syndrome)

21
Q

EHEC pathogenesis

A

Attaching and effacing lesion (like EPEC)

Produces Shiga-like toxin (verotoxin)

22
Q

Verotoxin

A

Cleaves part of the 60S subunit of the ribosome, resulting in cell death

23
Q

EHEC and the kidneys

A

Glomeruli are rich in Gb3 (toxin glycolipid receptor) which will bind the verotoxin, resulting in kidney failure

24
Q

EHEC diagnosis

A

Bloody diarrhea WITHOUT fever (presumption)
Culture

NAAT (stx genes that encode verotoxin)

25
Q

EHEC treatment

A

Supportive therapy

NOT antibiotics - results in increased toxin production, which increases HUS rate

26
Q

Shigella features

A

Gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobes, intracellular pathogens
Incredibly acid tolerant (few organisms needed for infection)

27
Q

Shigella transmission

A

Fecal-oral route

28
Q

Shigella incubation period

A

1-3 days

Disease is self-limiting, resolving within 3-5 days

29
Q

Shigella soneii disease

A

Developing countries

Fever, malaise, watery diarrhea

30
Q

Shigella flexneri disease

A

Developing countries

Dysentery, fever, malaise, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, bloody/purulent excretions

31
Q

Shigella dysenteriae disease

A

Underdeveloped countries
Dysentery, fever, malaise, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, bloody/purulent excretions

Potential for HUS

32
Q

Shigella pathogenesis

A

Adhere to M-cells
T3SS

Escape from phagosome

Macrophage apoptosis

Actin polymerization - spread to neighboring cells

Shiga toxin

33
Q

Shiga toxin

A

Binds to Gb3
Inhibits translation

HUS

34
Q

Shigella diagnosis and treatment

A

Culturing and serology

Rehydration and antibiotic therapy

35
Q

Shigella prevention

A

No vaccine

Infection does NOT confer immunity

36
Q

Enteroinvasive E. coli features

A

Same as Shigella except NO Shiga-toxin

May have obtained pathogenicity island from Shigella via horizontal gene transfer

Micro Exam 4 (8 decks)

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