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GIGU > GI Organs (Pt. 1) > Flashcards

GI Organs (Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

At what vertebral levels is the esophagus?

A

C6-T10

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2
Q

At what vertebral level is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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3
Q

What is the opening of the esophagus into the stomach?

A

cardiac orifice

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4
Q

In what abdominal quadrants is the stomach?

A

RUQ

LUQ

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5
Q

At what vertebral levels is the entrance to the stomach? (Determine R or L)

A

T10-11 on the L

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6
Q

At what vertebral level is the exit from the stomach? (Determine R or L)

A

L1 on the R
1.25 cm from midline
pylorus
transpyloric plane

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7
Q

At what vertebral level is the entrance to the duodenum?

A

L1
entrance at pylorus
transpyloric plane

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8
Q

At what vertebral level is the exit from the duodenum?

A

L2

duodenojejunal junction

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9
Q

Is the first part of the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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10
Q

Are parts 2-4 of the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retro

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11
Q

In what abdominal quadrant is the jejunum?

A

LUQ

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12
Q

Is the jejunum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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13
Q

At what vertebral level is the entrance into the jejunum?

A

L2

duodenojejunal junction

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14
Q

In what abdominal quadrant is the ileum?

A

RLQ

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15
Q

Is the ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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16
Q

At what vertebral level is the exit from the ileum into the cecum?

A

L5
transtubercular plane
ileocecal junction

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17
Q

is the cecum and appendix intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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18
Q

What is the most common position of the appendix?

A

retrocecal

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19
Q

In what abdominal quadrants is the ascending colon?

A

RLQ

RUQ

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20
Q

Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

secondarily retro

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21
Q

In what abdominal quadrants is the transverse colon?

A

RUQ

LUQ

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22
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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23
Q

At what vertebral level is the transverse colon?

A

L3

subcostal plane

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24
Q

In what abdominal quadrants is the descending colon?

A

LUQ

LLQ

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25
Q

Is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retro

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26
Q

In what abdominal quadrant is the sigmoid colon?

A

LLQ

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27
Q

At what vertebral level is the sigmoid colon?

A

S2

interspinous plane

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28
Q

At what vertebral level does the sigmoid colon exit into the rectum?

A

S3

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29
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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30
Q

Is the rectum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retro

within the pelvic cavity

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31
Q

What is the opening at the end of the rectum?

A

anus

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32
Q

Is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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33
Q

In what abdominal region is the spleen?

A

left hypochondriac

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34
Q

What ribs are parallel and adjacent to the spleen?

A

9-11

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35
Q

At what sagittal line of the body is the spleen located?

A

along the mid-axillary line

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36
Q

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retro

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37
Q

At what vertebral level is the pancreas?

A

L1

transpyloric plane

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38
Q

In what abdominal quadrants is the pancreas?

A

RUQ

LUQ

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39
Q

In what abdominal regions is the liver?

A

occupies most of the R hypochondriac region
upper epigastric
extends into L hypochondriac region

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40
Q

Is the liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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41
Q

Is the gallbladder intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intra

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42
Q

In what abdominal quadrant is the gallbladder?

A

RUQ

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43
Q

At what vertebral level is the gallbladder?

A

L1

transpyloric plane

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44
Q

What are the four constriction points of the esophagus?

A
  • cervical constriction (cricopharyngeus M. at C6)
  • thoracic constrictions
  • -crossed by aortic arch and L main bronchus
  • inferiorly through diaphragmatic sphincter
  • -physiologic sphincter, not anatomic
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45
Q

What is the muscle composition of the esophagus?

A
  • upper third = skeletal muscle
  • middle third = mixed skeletal and smooth
  • lower third = smooth muscle
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46
Q

What “structure” separates the esophagus from the fundus of the stomach?

A

cardiac notch

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47
Q

What are the four parts of the stomach?

A

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric part

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48
Q

What is the cardia of the stomach?

A

part surrounding the cardial orifice

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49
Q

What is the fundus of the stomach?

A

dilated, superior part that is related to the L dome of the diaphragm

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50
Q

What is the body of the stomach?

A

major part b/w fundus and the pyloric antrum

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51
Q

What is the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

antrum, pyloric canal, pylorus, pyloric orifice

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52
Q

What is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A
  • shorter, concave R border of the stomach

- lesser omentum attaches to the lesser curvature

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53
Q

What point lies along the lesser curvature?

A
  • angular incisure

- -junction of the body and the pyloric part of stomach

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54
Q

What is the greater curvature of the stomach?

A
  • longer, convex L border

- greater omentum attaches to the greater curvature

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55
Q

What are gastric folds (rugae)?

A

-internal structures that form longitudinally during contractions

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56
Q

What is the gastric canal?

A
  • forms b/w the gastric folds during swallowing
  • along the lesser curvature

-saliva and small quantities of masticated foods and other fluids drain along canal when stomach is empty

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57
Q

What is the duodenum?

A
  • 1st part of small intestine, shortest, widest
  • from pylorus to duodenojejunal flexure
  • consists of 4 parts
  • -superior, descending, inferior, ascending
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58
Q

What is the importance of the second (descending) part of the duodenum?

A
  • contains the major duodenal papilla

- where bile and pancreatic juice are inserted

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59
Q

What is the importance of the fourth (ascending) part of the duodenum?

A

-Ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle of the duodenum) attaches to the ascending part of the duodenum and widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure

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60
Q

What portions of the small intestines is comprised of the jejunum and the ileum?

A 
jejunum = the first 2/5th
ileum = the last 3/5ths
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61
Q

What differs in the appearance of the ileum from the jejunum?

A
  • the ileum is paler pink
  • thinner walls
  • lower and sparser plicae circulares
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62
Q

What is the structure where the ileum enters the cecum?

A

ileal papilla

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63
Q

Where does the ascending colon join the transverse colon?

A

hepatic (right) flexure

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64
Q

Which part of the colon is the longest and most mobile?

A

transverse

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65
Q

Where does the transverse colon meet the descending colon?

A

splenic (left) flexure

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66
Q

Which flexure is higher, right or left?

A

left (splenic) flexure is higher

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67
Q

What are the interior components of the rectum?

A

-superior, middle, and inferior transverse rectal folds

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68
Q

What are the differences b/w the internal and external anal sphincters?

A
  • internal = smooth muscle, involuntary, parasympathetic control by pelvic splanchnic nn.
  • external = skeletal muscle, voluntary, not under ANS control, controlled by somatic pudendal N.
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69
Q

What are internal structures of the anus?

A 
anal columns
anal sinuses (with glands)
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70
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

-divides the superior gut epithelium under the influence of visceral sensory nerves from the inferior skin epithelium under the influence of somatic sensory nerves

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71
Q

What are the two main surfaces of the spleen?

A
  • diaphragmatic
  • visceral
  • -anterior (fundus of the stomach)
  • -posterior (L suprarenal gland and kidney)
  • -inferior (tail of pancreas and L colic flexure)
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72
Q

What are the five parts of the pancreas?

A
  • head (lies in curvature of duodenum)
  • body
  • neck
  • tail (adjacent to hilum of spleen, in splenorenal L.)
  • uncinate process (superior to 3rd pt of duodenum)
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73
Q

What are the characteristics of the main pancreatic duct?

A
  • begins in tail and courses toward the head
  • joins common bile duct

-main pancreatic sphincter prevents bile from entering pancreas

74
Q

What are characteristics of the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

-if it exists, it can open into the duodenum by itself in the minor duodenal papilla

75
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A
  • union of the common bile duct w/main pancreatic duct
  • Sphincter of Oddi
  • enters duodenum at major duodenal papilla
76
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A
  • transverse fissure on the visceral surface of liver

- contains hepatic portal V., proper hepatic A., nerve plexus, bile ducts, and lymph vessels

77
Q

What is contained within the L sagittal fissure?

A

-ligamentum teres from the falciform ligament

78
Q

What is the R sagittal fissure?

A
  • on the visceral surface

- b/w the R and L functional lobes

79
Q

What are the characteristics of the right lobe of the liver?

A
  • larger

- contains the caudate and quadrate lobes

80
Q

What are the characteristics of the left lobe of the liver?

A
  • smaller

- contains the apex

81
Q

How are the functional lobes of the liver determined?

A

-based on the division of the portal triad and blood supply

82
Q

What comprises the R and L functional lobes of the liver?

A

R Liver = segments V through VIII

L Liver = segments I through IV

83
Q

What are the characteristics of liver segments?

A
  • each segment has separate blood supply and a separate bile duct
  • each segment is functionally independent of other segments
84
Q

What do the R and L hepatic ducts form when they join?

A

common hepatic duct

85
Q

What does the common hepatic duct join with and what do they form?

A

common hepatic duct joins the cystic duct to form the bile duct

86
Q

What are the parts of the gallbladder?

A
  • fundus
  • body
  • neck
87
Q

What part of the gallbladder is attached to the cystic duct?

A
  • neck

- the cystic duct connects the neck of the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct to form the bile duct

88
Q

How does the gallbladder keep the cystic duct open?

A

-the neck of the gallbladder spirals into a spiral fold which keeps the cystic duct patent

89
Q

What are the relationships of the esophagus to other organs and structures?

A
  • follows curvature of the vertebral column
  • passes thru esophageal hiatus at R crus of diaphragm
  • fits into groove on visceral surface of liver
90
Q

What arteries supply blood to the esophagus?

A
  • L gastric A. (from celiac trunk)

- inferior phrenic A. (origin varies)

91
Q

Into what lymph nodes does the esophagus drain?

A

left gastric LN’s

92
Q

What is the nerve supply to the esophagus?

A
  • esophageal plexus of nerves
    • parasympathetics from vagal trunks

–sympathetics from thoracic sympathetic trunk via greater splanchnic nerve

93
Q

What is the anterior border of the stomach?

A
  • diaphragm
  • L lobe of the liver
  • abdominal wall
94
Q

What is the posterior border of the stomach?

A
  • lesser sac

- pancreas

95
Q

What is the inferolateral border of the stomach?

A

transverse colon

96
Q

What comprises the bed of the stomach?

A
  • L dome of the diaphragm
  • spleen and splenic A.
  • L kidney and suprarenal gland
  • pancreas
  • transverse mesocolon
97
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach?

A
  • R and L gastric aa. along lesser curvature
  • R and L gastro-omental aa. along greater curvature

-short gastric aa. and posterior gastric aa. supply fundus and upper body of stomach

98
Q

What is the significance of the pre-pyloric vein?

A
  • used by surgeons to identify the pylorus

- ascends over pylorus to the R gastric vein

99
Q

What lymph nodes drain the stomach?

A
  • gastric LN’s
  • pyloric LN’s
  • pancreaticoduodenal LN’s
100
Q

What is the nerve supply to the stomach?

A
  • parasympathetics from anterior and posterior vagal trunks (celiac plexus comes from the posterior)
  • sympathetics from T6-T9 pass to the celiac plexus from the greater splanchnic N.
101
Q

What is the relationship of the duodenum (big picture) to other organs and structures?

A

-duodenum makes a C-shape course around the head of the pancreas

102
Q

What is the relationship of the 1st part of the duodenum to other organs and structures?

A

-superior part of the duodenum is overlapped by the liver and gallbladder

103
Q

What is the relationship of the 2nd part of the duodenum to other organs and structures?

A

-hepatopancreatic ampulla enters on the posteromedial wall of the descending part (major duodenal papilla)

104
Q

What is the relationship of the 3rd part of the duodenum to blood vessels?

A
  • runs anterior to the aorta and IVC; posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
  • anterior to psoas major M. and the R testicular or ovarian vessels
105
Q

What is the relationship of the 3rd part of the duodenum to “the mesentery”?

A

-beneath the root of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum

106
Q

What is the relationship of the 4th part of the duodenum to other organs and structures?

A
  • ascending part runs along L side of the aorta

- Ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle of the duodenum) attaches to the duodenojejunal flexure here

107
Q

What is the blood supply to the duodenum?

A
  • gastroduodenal A.
  • superior pancreaticoduodenal A.
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal A.
108
Q

Where do the pancreaticoduodenal arteries lie?

A
  • in the curve b/w the pancreas and the duodenum

- the arteries supply both structures

109
Q

What lymph nodes drain the duodenum?

A
  • pancreaticoduodenal LN’s

- pyloric LN’s

110
Q

What is the nerve supply to the duodenum?

A
  • parasympathetics from CNX
  • sympathetics from greater and lesser splanchnic nn.
  • celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses
  • periarterial plexuses around the arteries
111
Q

What is the blood supply to the jejunum?

A
  • jejunal arteries off of the superior mesenteric A.
  • arteries unite to form arterial arcades
  • long vasa recta
112
Q

What is the blood supply to the ileum?

A
  • ileal arteries off of the superior mesenteric A.
  • arteries unite to form arterial arcades
  • short vasa recta
113
Q

What lymph nodes drain the jejunum and ileum?

A
  • juxtaintestinal LN’s

- -drain into the mesenteric LN’s

114
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the jejunum and ileum?

A
  • sympathetics = T8-T10 sympathetic trunk via greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nn.
  • superior mesenteric plexus
115
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the jejunum and ileum?

A
  • posterior vagal trunk
  • myenteric and submucosal plexuses
  • -enteric nervous system in the intestinal wall
116
Q

What is the relationship of the cecum and appendix to other organs and structures?

A
  • in the iliac fossa about 2.5 cm from R inguinal L.

- appendix is usually retrocecal

117
Q

What the blood supply to the cecum and appendix?

A
  • ileocolic A. (branch of SMA)

- appendicular A. (branch of ileocolic A.)

118
Q

What lymph nodes drain the cecum and appendix?

A

-ileocolic LN’s

119
Q

What is the nerve supply to the cecum and appendix?

A
  • parasympathetics from vagus N.
  • sympathetics from lower thoracic spinal cord
  • superior mesenteric nerve plexus
120
Q

What is the relationship of the ascending colon in relationship to other organs and structures?

A

-ascending colon is medial to the R paracolic gutter

121
Q

What is the relationship of the transverse colon to other organs and structures?

A

-connected to posterior abdominal wall by transverse mesocolon

122
Q

What is the relationship of the descending colon to other organs and structures?

A
  • passes anterior to the lateral border of the L kidney

- medial to the L paracolic gutter

123
Q

What is the blood supply to the colon?

A
  • ileocolic A., R colic A., and middle colic A. from SMA

- L colic A. and sigmoid A. from IMA

124
Q

What lymph nodes drain the colon?

A
  • epicolic and paracolic LN’s
  • -drain to R, middle, and L colic LN’s
  • –drain to intermediate colic LN’s
125
Q

What is the nerve supply to the ascending and transverse colon?

A
  • superior mesenteric nerve plexus
  • -parasympathetics from vagus N.
  • -sympathetics from lower thoracic spinal cord
126
Q

What is the nerve supply to the descending and sigmoid colon?

A
  • sympathetics from lumbar sympathetic trunk via lumbar splanchnic nn.
  • parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnic nn.
127
Q

What is the blood supply to the spleen?

A

splenic A. (largest branch of the celiac trunk)

128
Q

What lymph nodes drain the spleen?

A

pancreaticosplenic LN’s

129
Q

What is the nerve supply to the spleen?

A

-celiac plexus (vasomotor) along the splenic A.

130
Q

What is the relationship of the pancreas (big picture) to other organs and structures?

A
  • posterior to the stomach
  • b/w duodenum on the R and spleen on the L
  • transverse mesocolon attaches to anterior margin
  • main pancreatic duct runs from tail to head
  • -meets w/ bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla
131
Q

What is the relationship of the head of the pancreas to other organs and structures?

A
  • head of the pancreas lies within the curve of the duodenum

- anterior to IVC

132
Q

What is the relationship of the uncinate process to other organs and structures?

A
  • extends medially to the L from the head of pancreas

- posterior to SMA

133
Q

What is the relationship of the neck of the pancreas to other organs and structures?

A
  • anterior to superior mesenteric vessels
  • posterior to pylorus of stomach

-behind the neck, the SMV joins the splenic V. to make the hepatic portal V.

134
Q

What is the relationship of the body of the pancreas to other organs and structures?

A
  • passes anterior to aorta
  • anterior surface forms part of bed of stomach

-posterior surface in contact w/ aorta, SMA, L suprarenal gland, L kidney, and renal vessels

135
Q

What is the relationship of the tail of the pancreas to other organs and structures?

A
  • anterior to the L kidney

- closely related to splenic hilum and L colic flexure

136
Q

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

A
  • pancreatic branches of splenic A.
  • anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal A.
  • -from gastroduodenal A. (from common hepatic A.)
  • anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal A.
  • -from superior mesenteric A.
137
Q

What lymph nodes drain the pancreas?

A
  • pancreaticosplenic LN’s

- pyloric LN’s

138
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pancreas?

A
  • parasympathetics = CNX
  • sympathetics = greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nn.

-pass along arteries from celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

139
Q

What are the relationships of the surfaces of the liver?

A
  • diaphragmatic = direct contact w/ diaphragm (subphrenic recess) and IVC
  • visceral = direct contact w/ gallbladder and IVC
140
Q

How is the liver in contact with the stomach and duodenum?

A
  • lesser omentum
  • -hepatogastric L.
  • -hepatoduodenal L.
141
Q

Delineate the ducts beginning with the R and L hepatic ducts.

A

R + L hepatic ducts = common hepatic duct
common hepatic duct + cystic duct = bile duct
bile duct + pancreatic duct = hepatopancreatic ampulla

142
Q

What structures have impressions on the visceral surface of the liver?

A
  • R anterior of stomach and pylorus of stomach
  • superior (first) part of duodenum
  • gallbladder
  • R colic flexure and R transverse colon
  • R kidney and suprarenal gland
143
Q

What is the blood supply to the liver?

A
  • hepatic portal V. (75 percent)

- proper hepatic A. (25 percent)

144
Q

What drains the blood from the liver?

A
  • R, intermediate (middle), and L hepatic V.
  • -empty into IVC just inferior to diaphragm
  • -help hold the liver in position
145
Q

What lymph nodes drain the liver?

A

hepatic LN’s

146
Q

What is the nerve supply to the liver?

A

-hepatic plexus on branches of proper hepatic A. and hepatic portal V.

  • sympathetics from celiac plexus
  • parasympathetics from ant. and post. vagal trunks
147
Q

What is the relationship of the bile duct to the superior part of the duodenum?

A

bile duct descends posterior to the superior part of the duodenum

148
Q

What is the relationship of the bile duct to the pancreas?

A
  • bile duct lies in a groove on the posterior surface of the head of the pancreas
  • bile duct joins main pancreatic duct on L side of descending duodenum
149
Q

What is the blood supply to the bile duct?

A
  • cystic A. supplies proximal part of bile duct
  • R hepatic A. supplies middle part of bile duct

-posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal A. and gastroduodenal A. supply retroduodenal part of duct

150
Q

What lymph nodes drain the bile duct and gallbladder?

A

cystic LN’s
LN of the omental foramen
hepatic LN’s

151
Q

What is the anatomical relationship of the gallbladder to the liver?

A

-gallbladder lies in the fossa b/w R and L parts of the liver in the R sagittal fissure

152
Q

What is the anatomical relationship of the gallbladder to the superior part of the duodenum?

A
  • the body of the gallbladder is immediately anterior to the superior part of the duodenum
  • neck and cystic duct of the gallbladder is immediately superior to the superior part of the duodenum
153
Q

What is the anatomical relationship b/w the gallbladder and the transverse colon?

A

body of the gallbladder is in contact with the transverse colon

154
Q

What is the blood supply to the gallbladder?

A

-cystic A.

from R hepatic A. off of the proper hepatic A.

155
Q

What lymph nodes drain the gallbladder?

A

cystic LN’s near the neck of the gallbladder

156
Q

What is the nerve supply to the gallbladder?

A

celiac plexus along the cystic A.

  • contains sympathetics and visceral afferent for pain
  • contains parasympathetics from CNX
157
Q

What is the significance of gallbladder inflammation and how those pain signals are transmitted?

A

-if gallbladder is inflamed, somatic afferent fibers of the R phrenic N. (C3-5) carry the pain signals

158
Q

What is the phrenicoesophageal ligament?

A

attaches esophagus to the margins of esophageal hiatus

-permits independent mvmt of diaphragm during swallowing and respiration

159
Q

What is the Ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle of the duodenum)?

A

-from esophageal hiatus to duodenojejunal junction (enlarges the opening)

160
Q

What are the four ligaments attached to the stomach?

A
  • hepatogastric L.
  • gastrophrenic L.
  • gastrosplenic L.
  • gastrocolic L.
161
Q

What two ligaments are attached to the duodenum?

A
  • hepatoduodenal L.
  • Ligament of Treitz
    • aka suspensory muscle of the duodenum
162
Q

What ligaments are attached to the jejunum and ileum?

A
  • Ligament of Treitz

- The Mesentery

163
Q

What ligaments are attached to the large intestines?

A
  • transverse colon
  • -transverse mesocolon
  • phrenicocolic L. (at left flexure)

-sigmoid mesocolon

164
Q

What ligaments are attached to the spleen?

A
  • gastrosplenic L.
  • -attaches spleen to greater curvature

-splenorenal L.
connects hilum of the spleen to the L kidney

165
Q

What ligament attaches to the anterior margin of the pancreas?

A

transverse mesocolon

166
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A
  • in the L sagittal fissure on anterior surface
  • separates R and L lobes of liver
  • separates R and L subphrenic recesses
167
Q

What is the ligamentum teres (aka round ligament of the liver)?

A
  • remnant of umbilical vein

- attached to the free edge of the falciform ligament

168
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A
  • demarcates the bare area of the liver

- anterior and posterior portions meet to form R and L triangular ligaments

169
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum?

A
  • in the L sagittal fissure on visceral surface

- remnant of ductus venosus

170
Q

What ligaments of the liver comprise the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastric L.

hepatoduodenal L.

171
Q

What are the characteristics of the esophageal hiatus?

A
  • located at T10 vertebral level
  • elliptical opening in the R crus of the diaphragm

-muscular fiber crossings immediately inferior form the lower esophageal sphincter

172
Q

What structures are transmitted through the esophageal hiatus?

A
  • esophagus
  • anterior and posterior vagal trunks
  • esophageal branches of gastric vessels
  • some lymphatic vessels
173
Q

Who is at increased risk of hiatal hernias?

A

-increased risk after middle age d/t weakening of the diaphragm and widening of the esophageal hiatus

174
Q

What are the characteristics of a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?

A
  • less common
  • no regurgitation bc cardial orifice is in normal position

-part of the fundus of the stomach extends through esophageal hiatus

175
Q

What are the characteristics of a sliding hiatal hernia?

A
  • part of the cardia and fundus of the stomach slide superiorly through esophageal hiatus
  • some reflux/regurgitation is possible
176
Q

What are some severe clinical implications of a gastric ulcer?

A
  • if ulcer erodes a gastric A., patient may experience life-threatening bleeding
  • posterior gastric ulcer may erode into pancreas or into splenic A. (causing a severe hemorrhage)
177
Q

What bacterial infection is commonly associated with gastric ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori
-increased acid overwhelms the bicarb and decreases the effectiveness of protective mucus lining of stomach, thus making the stomach wall susceptible to infection by the bacteria and further damage by gastric acids

178
Q

What is a vagotomy?

A

-a surgical section of the vagus N.

179
Q

What is a truncal vagotomy?

A

denervates nerve supply to all of stomach plus most of the GI tract (parasympathetics by CNX stop prior to descending colon)

180
Q

What is a proximal gastric vagotomy?

A

denervates branches of vagus only going to stomach

181
Q

What is a selective proximal vagotomy?

A

specifically denervates areas in which the parietal cells are located, hoping to affect the acid-producing cells while sparing other gastric functions like motility

182
Q

What are the characteristics of an ileal diverticulum?

A
  • remnant of the omphalo-enteric duct (yolk sac)
  • on the antimesenteric border of ileum
  • finger-like pouch (free or attached to umbilicus)
  • mostly ileal tissue, but can pancreatic, jejunal or colonic
  • when inflamed, pain mimicks appendicitis

GIGU (9 decks)

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