GI misc Flashcards
What is the definitive dx for lactose intolerance
- Lactose Hydrogen Breath Test
- positive: post lactose breath hydrogen value rises > 20 ppm over the baseline w/in 90min
How does the lactase enzyme work as a treatment for lactose intolerance
breaks lactose down into glucose and galactose
What type of acid-base disorder is seen in patients with Pyloric stenosis?
hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Olive shaped mass in the epigastric region
Non-bilious projectile vomiting
Pyloric stenosis
A string sign on barium swallow should make you think of what diagnosis?
Pyloric stenosis
How do you dx pyloric stenosis?
Ultrasound- “double track”
upper GI- “string sign”
What is the age of onset of pyloric stenosis
3wks to 3 months (3 to 3)
What are 3 components of Wernickes encephalopathy
nystagmus, truncal ataxia, and confusion
What is Kwashiorkor?
an inadequate intake of protein and may lead to edema.
What is Marasmus?
an inadequate intake of ALL energy forms (including protein).
What is vitamin A deficiency most commonly seen in?
What are 2 common sxs of this
Elderly, alcoholics, liver disease
sxs: night blindness, dry skin.
Which vitamin deficiency do you see the following sxs:
neuropathy, ataxia
Vitamin E
Which vitamin deficiency causes bleeding?
vitamin K deficiency
What is the name of the vitamin deficiency that causes the following sxs:
-poor wound healing
-petechiae
-bleeding gums
Scurvy
(vitamin C deficiency)
What is Pellagra
Niacin (B3) Deficiency:
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
You should refer to surgery if Refer to surgery if an umbilical hernia persists >___ years of life.
2 years of life
what abx do you give preoperatively in appendacitis
3rd gen cephalasporin
What stool is pathognomonic for intussusception
currant Jelly stool
What is used for both the diagnosis and treatment of intussusception in children
barium or air enema
sausage like mass felt on abdomen
intussusception
abdominal x-ray shows:
“Crescent sign” or a “Bull’s eye/target sign/coiled spring lesion”
Intussusception
****ultrasound showing TARGET SIGN****
intussusception
what is the recurrance rate for intussusception if reduction is successful
5-10%
dx and tx of hirschprung dz
dx: rectal suction biopsy
tx: surgical resection
what syndrome is commonly associated with Hirschprung Disease
Down Syndrome
Which condition has bilious vomiting and “double bubble sign” on x-ray
Duodenal atresia
Tx for duodenal atresia
- Decompression of the GI tract
- Duodenoduodenostomy
What are 2 diagnostic studies used to dx CF
test of choice= sweat chloride test.
Elevated fecal elastase is another supporting tes
tx for lead poisoning
Chelation therapy is recommended for blood lead levels ≥ 45 mcg/dL
Treatment is oral succimer or IV EDTA (calcium disodium edetate, given after dimercaprol)
