Cardio Flashcards
MC location for an ASD
patent foramen ovale
Larger shunts may cause exercise intolerance, dyspnea during exertion, fatigue, and atrial arrhythmias with palpitations
ASD
What are complications of ASD
cerebral events from paradoxical embolization (stroke, etc)
This is rare in children
What is the definitive dx for ASD
Echo
What would ECG and X-ray show for large ASD
ECG: right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, or RBBB
X-ray: Enlarged R ventricle and atrium
tx for ASD
If small (<3mm): obs
mod- Large (evidence of right ventricular overload on echo): transcatheter closure, or surgical repair b/w 2-6y/o
Almost all patients with an ASD will have what on ECG?
RBBB
Tx for VSD
Pediatric cardiology referral is appropriate for serial examinations and echocardiograms.
How should Infants with a large VSD who develop congestive heart failure and growth retardation first be treated?
first with digoxin and diuretics
If this fails, surgical intervention is necessary within the first 6 months of life.
Symptomatic tx for ASD
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, digoxin
(Definitive tx= surgical)
What type of valvular abnormality is seen w/ coarctation of the aorta 50% of the time
What is there an increased incidence of
bicuspid valve
(Also increase incidence in cerebral berry aneurysm)
How do you dx coarctation of the aorta
1st Echocardiogram
EKG= LVH
CXR=rib notching “figure of 3 sign”
tx for coarctation of the aorta
Prostaglandins E1
Generally, require surgical repair with dilating the segment with balloons
Tx for Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Beta Blockers + Disopyramide (Norpace®)
Calcium channel blockers
What group of meds should be AVOIDED in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
diuretics
