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GI Micro > GI micro > Flashcards

GI micro Flashcards

1
Q

single celled parasite. Eukaryote.

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

Multicellular, eukariotic parasite. Helminths and arthropods

A

Metazoa

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3
Q

Pseudopod forming - mechanism of inducing apoptosis in host cells. Bloody diarrhea. Fecal-oral - cyst in water. Camping/travel. Cyst and trophozoite found in stool. Cyst is infectious form. Colonic necrosis from cytotoxin permits invasive spread. Invasive to liver (abscess) and lungs. Colonic “flask” ulcers. Dx - Stool ELISA and PCR - specific. Tx - paromomycin (non-invasive), Metronidazole (invasive, follow up with paromomycin)

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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4
Q

Ciliated protozoan. Ingested cyst. Fecal-oral. Watery diarrhea w/ blood and pus. Pigs. Dx - trophozoites in stool. Tx - tetracyclins (DOC), Metronidazole, Iodoquinolol. Psych ward breakouts.

A

Balantidium Coli

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5
Q

Beavers and muskrats.Person to person (asymptomatic carriers). Foul stool, explosive watery diarrhea. Malabsorption syndrome (steatorrhea). Spontaneous recovery. Dx - stool sample 1/dayX3, falling leaf motility (wet mount). Tx - Metronidazole, Tinidiazole. Rasta Fari mask/ horseshoe crab appearance.

A

Giardia Lamblia

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6
Q

AIDS defining diarrhea. Up to 50+ stools/day lasting mos-yrs. children. Zoonotic, fecal-oral. Infectious oocyst - stable in chloronated water, sporozoite. Infects epithelial cells of the brush border. Dx - oocyst on acid fast stain or IFA. Tx - Natazoxanide (immunocompetant), Anti-retroviral therapy for AIDS (reduces excretion and decreases diarrhea).

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum

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7
Q

Similar to C. parvum, but human carriers only.

A

Cryptosporidium Hominis

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8
Q

Human reservoir. Prevalent in AIDS. Fecal-oral. Contaminated food or water. Mature oocyst is infectious - infiltrate epithelium. Steatorrhea - mimics giardia malabsorption syndrome. Dx - oval/eliptical oocyst in feces, also acid fast. Tx - TMP-SMX (DOC), Pyrimethamine with folinic acid.

A

Cystoisospora/Isospora Belli

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9
Q

Tropical. Explosive watery diarrhea. Immunocompetant. Fecal-oral. Water and food. Relapse. Dx - Oocyst microscopy (round egg), acid-fast stain, fluoresces blue under UV. Tx - TMP-SMX (DOC).

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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10
Q

Microsporidia. Zoonosis, fecal-oral. Water-borne. Immunosuppressed pts. IC pts. AIDS. Chronic watery diarrhea. Dx - TEM (gold standard), IFA, PCR. Tx - Oral fumagillin (E. bieneusi, associated with thrombocytopenia), Albendazole (E. intestinalis)

A

Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi

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11
Q

roundworms - pinworms, round worms, hookworms. Most common helminths in the US. Diagnosis by egg examination in stool. Poor sanitation and poly parasitic infections.

A

Nematodes

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12
Q

Fecal-oral. sticky eggs, hatch in small instestine, adults reside in the cecum, lay eggs in the anus. Children. Perianal itching at night. Female worms get disoriented - can cause vaginal symptoms, granulomas. Cellophane tape. Tx - pyrantel pamoate (DOC, OTC), alternative mebendazole (no longer in production, -azoles teratogens).

A

“Pinworm” Enterobius Vermicularis

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13
Q

Fecal oral. Rural southeast. Ingest infective embryonic egg, (4-16 days) Early phase: larva enters curculation to lungs, swallow, adults develop in the lumen of small intestine, eggs pass in stool. Late phase (6-8 wks) epigastric pain, N/V. Bolus can obstruct/perforate bowel. Dangerous if adult worm migrates to the liver. Dx - early infection: eosinophilia and larvae in sputum. Established infection: eggs in stool (knobby coated, oval shaped, bile stained). Tx - Albendazole (DOC), pyrantel pamoate (pregnant).

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides “Roundworm”

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14
Q

roundworm of a dog or cat. Ingested eggs, larvae hatch and get lost - migrate through tissues. Dx - ELISA, eosinophilia, dog/cat exposure. Can penetrate any tissue - necrosis, granuloma, bleeding. NO eggs in human feces, YES in pet feces. Tx - Albendazole.

A

Toxocara Canis and Cati

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15
Q

human reservoir. Fecal-oral. South-east US, travel. Larva penetrates and develops in the mucosa of the large intestine. Dx - double plugged barrel/football eggs in stool. Light infection - diarrhea and constipation. Heavy infection - tenesmus, N/V/D, pain. uncommon eosinophilia. Trichuris Dysentery syndrome - bloody mucoid diarrhea. Tx - Albendazole (DOC)

A

Trichuris Trichiura “whipworm”

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16
Q

humid warm climates, old world hookworm

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

17
Q

humid warm climates, new world hookworm. Attach foot, circulation, lungs, swallow, adults attach to small intestine. Fecal to soil, hatches then attaches. Maculopapular eruption with itching at the site of infection on the foot. Microcytic hypochromic anemia. Larval migration - eosinophilia, patchy infiltrate on a chest x-ray. GI infection - non-bilestained, segmented eggs in stool, iron deficiency. Tx - albendazole (DOC), Thiabendazole (larval migration phase), iron therapy for anemia.

A

Necator amercanus “Hookworm”

18
Q

Dog and Cat hookworm. Cutaneous larval migrans, can lead to 2ry infection from itching, Loeffler Syndrome: pulmonary infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia. Sandboxes, beaches. Tx - thiabendazole.

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

19
Q

Threadworm. Similar to hookworm except eggs hatch in the intestine. Rabditiform larvae in stool, free living adults. Hyperinfection syndrome (chronic, throughout body) - pneumonitis, diarrhea (bloody or not), malabsorption, and electrolyte imbalance, meningitis, secondary bacteremia. IC pts, corticosteroid therapy, transplant pts. Dx - larval worms in stool. Baermann funnel gauze method - concentrate larvae, duodenal aspirates. Tx - Ivermectin (DOC)

A

Strongyloides Stercoralis

20
Q

Larvae ingested in undercooked pork, bear, fox, walrus, rodents. Adults develop in the duodenum and jejunum. Mate and bear offspring - expelled in stool or travel in blood to encyst in striated muscle. Trichinosis - acute stage: periorbital edema, eosinophilia and myalgias. Late stage (5-7 wks) lethal - heart, brain, lungs infected. Dx - marked eosinophilia, serologic confirmation, muscle biopsy. Tx - bedrest, antipyretics, and analgesics. Albendazole (DOC, adult worms).

A

Trichinella spiralis

21
Q

Sushi, round worm. Violent abdominal pain, N/V only a few hours after ingestion. Mimics chrons. Eosinophilic granulomas.

A

Anisakis simplex

22
Q

Flukes and schistosomes

A

Trematodes

23
Q

flatworms that have half of their development in a snail or clam. Metacercaria infect humans. Hermaphroditic. Operculated eggs.

A

Flukes

24
Q

Giant intestinal fluke. Immigrants from orient. Water chestnuts. Alternating diarrhea and constipation, N/V. Malabsorption syndrome - malodorious, greasy stool. Dx - bile stained operculated eggs. Tx - Praziquantel (DOC, paralysis)

A

Fasciolopsis buski

25
Q

sheep liver fluke. Water cress. Japan, Egypt, former USSR, and central america. Adult worm in bile duct (obstruction). Dx - bile examination for eggs (identical to F. buski) Tx - Bithionol (DOC).

A

Fasciola hepatica

26
Q

raw undercooked freshwater fish. Chinese liver fluke. Adult worms found in bile duct. Dx - eggs in stool (knobbed operculum). Tx - Praziquantel (DOC).

A

Clonorchis sinensis

27
Q

penetrate skin. Flatworms. No operculum. Male and female worms. Snails.

A

Schistosomes

28
Q

hematuria (bladder). Terminal spine.

A

Schistosoma haematobium

29
Q

Occasional bloody diarrhea. Egypt. No spine.

A

Schistosoma japonicum

30
Q

Bloody diarrhea. Africa and South America. Lateral spine.

A

Schistosoma Mansoni

31
Q

tapeworms, ribbon like, segmented bodies. Scolex, operculated eggs.

A

Cestodes

32
Q

1 cause of seizures WW. Fecal - oral. Cysticercosis. Calcification of body tissues. Dx - proglottids and eggs in feces. Tx - praziquantel, albendazole - steroids, surgery.

A

Taenia Solium

33
Q

Beef. Does not cause cysticercosis.

A

Taenia Saginata

34
Q

Gefilte fish. Lance shaped scolex. Tx - Niclosamide, praziquantel, B12 supplementation.

A

Diphyllobothrium Latum

35
Q

carnivores and sheep. Hydatid cyst. Tx - Albendazole

A

Echinococcus granulosus

36
Q

carnivores and sheep. Hydatid cyst. Tx - Albendazole

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

37
Q

Most common tapeworm world wide.

A

Hymenolepis nana “Dwarf Tapeworm”

38
Q

ingestion of infected insects in flour or cereals. Parasite of domestic rats.

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

39
Q

ingestion of infected fleas. Dog tapeworm.

A

Dipylidium caninum

GI Micro (3 decks)

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