Antihelminths Flashcards
Benzimidazoles
binding to free beta-tubulin - inhibits microtubule formation and thus glucose uptake that is dependent on that.
Albendazole
neurocysticercosis of Taenia solium - administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy the 1st week. Hydatid disease of echinococcus granulosus. FDA approved.
Albendazole adverse reactions
dizziness, vertigo, fever, ICP, meningeal, and seizures
Mebendazole
DOC - enterobius vermicularis (1-100mg dose rpt. 2 wks, treat family too), trichuris trichiuria, ascaris lumbricoides, and ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)
Mebendazole adverse effects
teratogenic, stevens-johnsons (with metronidazole)
Thiabendazole
cutaneous larva migrans (2 days), and vesceral larva migrans (7 days), trichinosis. Strogyloides (not DOC). AE - angioedema, pruritis, stevens-johnson.
Ivermectin
DOC - Onchocerca, and strongyloidiasis. MOA - agonist at glutamate gated chloride ion channels (invertibrate nerves and muscle). Normally doesn’t cross BBB (contraindicated in meningitis). AE - encephalopathy (assoc. with loiasis), hyperthermia, insomnia, seizure. Mazzotti Rxn - onchocerciasis and loiasis.
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
DOC - lymphatic filiariasis (wucheria bancrofti and brugia malayi). Mazzotti Rxn - most common drug with this reaction.
Mazzotti test
admin of DEC to pts with onchocerciasis can lead to systemic reactions of inflammatory response to dying microfilariae.
Pyrantel Pamoate
more side effects and lower efficacy than benzimidazoles. Used in pregnancy.
Praziquantel
increase cell permeability to Ca - paralysis. Schistosomiasis. AE - CSF reaction syndrome in pts treated for neurocysticercosis - HA, seizures, meningismus.
Niclosamide
DOC - tapeworms
leading cause fo epilepsy in the developing world
neurocysticercosis
brazilence
Albendazole, and thiabendazole
strongyloides stercoralis
Ivermectin
