Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1: Gastrointestinal > GI: LFTs, Investigations + Antibodies > Flashcards

GI: LFTs, Investigations + Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the LFTs?

A 
Bilirubin
ALT/AST
ALP
GGT
Prothrombin (PT) Time
Albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which tests measure the liver synthetic function?

A

PT Time

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is bilirubin? Where is it made?

A

The breakdown product of haemoglobin, made in the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes an isolated rise in bilirubin? (All other LFTs normal)

A

Gilbert’s disease (congenital bilirubin defect) is most likely
Haemolysis is another potential cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are ALT/ASTs? What does their presence in the blood indicate?

A

Enzymes found within hepatocytes

Liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a rise in GGT associated with?

A

Alcohol excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a rise in bilirubin and ALP indicate?

A

Cholestatic jaundice

Could be intra-hepatic (originating within the liver) or extra-hepatic (originating out-with the liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some intra-hepatic causes of cholestatic jaundice?

A 
Cirrhosis 
Viral hepatitis 
Alcoholic hepatitis 
Drugs
Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some extra-hepatic causes of jaundice?

A 
Gall stones in the common bile duct
Carcinoma
Biliary stricture 
sclerosing cholangitis 
pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What other symptoms are experienced with both intra and extra-hepatic jaundice?

A

Dark urine and pale stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can increase PT time?

A

Warfarin use, low vitamin K, liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can cause a decreased serum albumin and what does decreased serum albumin lead to?

A 
Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis), 
Crohn's disease
Coeliac's disease
Whipple's disease
Low serum albumin leads to oedema
*In cirrhosis, a combination of portal hypertension and low albumin leads to ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can cause an increased serum albumin?

A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first line investigation for suspected liver and biliary disease?

A

Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most sensitive investigation for focal liver disease?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which investigation best diagnoses fatty liver disease?

A

Ultrasound

17
Q

What invasive investigation is done for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

A liver biopsy

18
Q

Which investigations are performed to diagnose primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

MRCP

Liver biopsy

19
Q

What is the first line investigation for Budd-Chiari syndrome?

A

Doppler ultrasound

20
Q

What investigations would show a hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

CT scan

Ultrasound

21
Q

What is the best modality for imaging gall stones?

A

Ultrasound

22
Q

What is the definitive investigation for acute cholangitis?

A

ERCP - shows site, cause and allows bile to be sampled

23
Q

Which investigation is performed to diagnose pancreatitis?

A

CT scan

24
Q

Which investigation is performed to diagnose a carcinoma of the pancreas?

A

Ultrasound

25
Q

The presence of AMA in the blood indicated what condition?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

26
Q

The presence of ASMA in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

27
Q

The presence of alpha feto protein assay in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

The presence of ANCA in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

29
Q

The presence of p-ANCA in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Ulcerative colitis

30
Q

The presence of gastric parietal cell antibody in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Pernicious anaemia

31
Q

The presence of HVC antibodies and serum HVC RNA in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Hepatitis C

32
Q

The present of anti tTG antibodies in the blood indicates what condition?

A

Coeliac disease

Year 1: Gastrointestinal (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions