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Year 1: Gastrointestinal > GI: Diarrhoea + Food poisoning > Flashcards

GI: Diarrhoea + Food poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

What causes acute diarrhoea?

A

Infection, typically bacterial

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2
Q

What does chronic diarrhoea indicate?

A

Underlying organic disease, e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s

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3
Q

What are the three classes of diarrhoea?

A

Osmotic
Secretory
Inflammatory

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4
Q

What is osmotic diarrhoea? What causes it?

A

Fluid is drawn into the intestine due to non-absorptive substances, producing watery stools
Diagnosis based on the fact the diarrhoea stops when the patient fasts or non-absorptive substance, e.g. laxative, is stopped
Could be caused by laxative abuse or a malabsorption defect

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5
Q

What is secretory diarrhoea? What causes it?

A

There is active secretion of fluids + electrolytes causing decreased absorption, producing watery stools
Diagnosis is based on the fact the diarrhoea persists when the patient fasts
Caused by toxins released from E.Coli + Cholera

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6
Q

What is inflammatory diarrhoea? What causes it?

A

Damage to the mucosa causes loss of fluid + blood, decreasing absorption and producing watery, bloody stools
Organic disease causes: Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, diverticulitis
Infective causes: shigella, salmonella, E.Coli O157, campylobacter

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of travellers diarrhoea? Which is the most common causative organism?

A 
Diarrhoea
Abdominal cramps
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting

E.Coli O157

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8
Q

What does diarrhoea lasting weeks in duration after travel suggest?

A

Infection with protozoan parasites

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9
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of food poisoning?

A

Campylobacter

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10
Q

What foods does campylobacter typically colonise?

A

Poultry
Meat
Milk

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11
Q

What organisms are likely to cause outbreaks of food poisoning?

A

Salmonella and E.Coli O157

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12
Q

What foods does salmonella typically colonise?

A

Poultry
Eggs
Meat

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13
Q

What foods does E.Coli O157 typically colonise?

A

Meat
Milk
Water

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14
Q

What is the name of the toxin released by E.Coli? What condition can it cause?

A

Verotoxin

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome- commonest cause of renal failure in under 5’s

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15
Q

Which antibiotics are given in E.Coli O157 infection?

A

NONE!

Antibiotics will increase the amount of verotoxin produced

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16
Q

The appearance of ‘rice water stools’ suggests infection by which organism?

A

Cholera

17
Q

Severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk suggests infection by which organism?

A

Campylobacter

18
Q

Vomiting after eating re-heated rice suggests infection by which organism?

A

Bacillus cereus

19
Q

Which virus is known as the winter vomiting bug? How is it spread?

A

Norovirus

Droplets + faecal oral

20
Q

Which virus is the commonest cause of viral diarrhoea in children under 3? How is it spread?

A

Rotavirus

Faecal oral

21
Q

How is norovirus/rotavirus diagnosed?

A

Stool/vomit PCR

22
Q

Stool culture is appropriate for diagnosing which organisms?

A

Salmonella
Campylobacter
Shigella

23
Q

Stool microscopy is appropriate for diagnosing which organisms?

A

Giardia
Amoebas
Paracites

24
Q

Stool toxin analysis is appropriate for diagnosing which organisms?

A

E.Coli

C.Diff

25
Q

Fever + salmon pink rash suggests what condition?

A

Typhoid, caused by salmonella

26
Q

What is the incubation period for staph aureus and bacillus cereus?

A

SHORT

1-6 hours

27
Q

What is the incubation period for Salmonella and Cl.Perfringens?

A

MEDIUM

12-48 hours

28
Q

What is the incubation period for Campylobacter and E.Coli?

A

LONG

2-14 days

29
Q

Which 3 markers assess the severity of C.Diff infection?

A

WCC greater than 15
High creatinine
Suspicion of colitis/toxicmegacolon

30
Q

What is SIRS? What criteria?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Temp over 38 or less then 36
RR over 20
WCC less than 4 or over 12

Year 1: Gastrointestinal (14 decks)

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