Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal Block > GI Investigations 1 > Flashcards

GI Investigations 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 GI Blood tests

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LFTs are very useful to differentiate between _________ and _________

A

hepatitis, cholestasis (sluggish bile flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ALT and when would it be risen

List 2 specific causes

A

Alanine transaminase - rise when hepatocytes are damaged

eg. viral, alcoholic, drug- induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is AST and when would it be risen

A

Aspartate aminotransferase - slightly less specific than ALT as it is also produced in muscle and heart cells

Risen in alcohol-related liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ALP and when would it be risen?

Where is ALP produced?

A

Alkaline phosphatase - rises in diseases of bile ducts

Produced in bile ducts, intestine, kidneys, placenta and bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does a rise in Bilirubin present?

A

Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is GGT

List 2 examples of when this would be risen

A

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Elevated in bile duct pathology, drugs, alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Compare what changes in LFTs would be seen in a hepatocellular vs cholestatic/obstructive picture?

A

↑ ALT, AST - hepatocellular

↑ ALP, GGT - cholestatic/obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List 3 causes for a decreased Albumin

A
  1. Liver damage
  2. Sepsis
  3. Kidney disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 2 causes of increased Globulin

A
  1. Autoimmune diseases
  2. Cirrhosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is a fall in platelet count seen in liver cirrhosis?

A

Hypersplenism

Cirrhosis → portal hypertension → backflow into spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What disease is a/w low ceruloplasmin?

A

Wilsons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List 4 instances where you may require a stool test

A
  1. Indigestion
  2. Constipation and/or diarrhoea
  3. IBS or IBD
  4. Malabsorption
  5. Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What information can stool samples provide us?

List 3 examples of what some of these may indicated

A

Changes in colour, consistency, pH, presence of mucus, blood, WBC, bile, fat, sugars

  • Increased fat seen in coeliac disease and pancreatitis
  • High pH could indicate inflammation or cancer
  • Enzyme immunoassays for C diff, H. pylori
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the FIT test

Who is it offered too?

A

Fecal immunochemical test - Bowel Cancer screening - 60-74

Stool sample to check for faecal occult blood, if positive reffered for sigmoidoscopy or colonscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is faecal calprotectin a very important marker of?

Why can we not soley rely on this marker for diagnosis?

A

IBD (Crohns, UC)

May give false positives, can be raised in:

  • Infection eg salmonella, C.diff, diverticulitis
  • Drugs NSAID, PPIs
17
Q

What stool test may allow us to differentiate between IBD and IBS?

A

Positive faecal calprotectin > 250-300 (normal 50) indicates IBD

18
Q

How can we identify infective causes of diarrhoea?

List 4 causes

A

Stool Cultures

19
Q

List 2 consequences of an H.Pylori infection

A
  1. Ulcers
  2. Malignancies
20
Q

List 3 tests to Identify H-Pylori

A

1. Urea Breath Test using radiolabelled carbon 13 or 14

2. Stool antigen test

3. Rapid Urease test (CLO) during endoscopy

Also IgG titer (serology) or Invasive Gastric mucosal biopsy

21
Q

Explain the Urea Breath Test for H.Pylori

A

Rapid diagnostic procedure

  • H.Pylori produces enzyme urease (urea → ammonia + CO2)
  • Tablet/liquid containing urea is swallowed
  • Amount of exhaled CO2 is measured
  • Indicates presence of H. pylori in the stomach
22
Q

Explain the CLO test for H.Pylori

A

CLO - Campylobacter-like organism

  • During endoscopy, biopsy of stomach mucosa is taken
  • Urea is added to this sample
  • If H. pylori is present, urease enzyme will convert urea to ammonia
  • Ammonia makes solution alkali → + result when pH is tested
23
Q

Tripple Eradication therapy for treatment of H.Pylori?

A

PPI (e.g. omeprazole) plus 2 antibiotics (e.g. amoxicillin and clarithromycin) for 7 days

24
Q

What does the imagine below show?

A

Air under diaphragm on right where liver should be - may indicate perforated viscus (on image air on left is a gastric bubble)

25
Q

What are the 3 types of IBS?

A

IBSc - constipation

IBSd - diarrhoea

IBSm - mixed

Gastrointestinal Block (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions