GI infections Flashcards

1
Q

C. jejuni S/S

A

liquid stool with gross/occult blood and WBCs

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2
Q

C. jejuni reservoir

A

poultry
cattle
pets

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3
Q

S. typhi S/S

A

typhoid fever: systemic infection

mild cases - gastroenteritis + diarrhea, fever

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4
Q

S. typhi reservoir

A

domestic and wild animals - poultry, swine, cattle, pets

human carriers

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5
Q

E. coli O157 S/s

A

diarrhea

hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

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6
Q

C. difficile S/S

A

asymptomatic to profuse and very watery diarrhea
fever
complication: pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, rupture

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7
Q

Giardia lamblia S/S

A

asymptomatic to acute self-limited diarrhea

chronic diarrhea with loose, pale stools

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8
Q

Giardia lamblia reservoir

A

beavers and other wild animals

humans

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9
Q

Entamoeba histolytica S/S

A

asymptomatic to bloody/muccoid diarrhea with fever

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10
Q

Entamoeba histolytica reservoir

A

hmans only

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11
Q

Food pathogens

A

C. jejuni
Salmonella typhi
Entamoeba histolytica

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12
Q

Contaminated water pathogens

A

C jejuni
E. coli O157
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica

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13
Q

Person-to-person pathogens

A

E. coli O157
C. difficile
Giardia lamblia (cysts)

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14
Q

Pathogens that cause inflammatory acute diarrhea

A
Campylobacter
Shigella
salmonella
EHE.coli
C. diff
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15
Q

Pathogens that cause noninflammatory acute diarrhea

A
Norwalk
rotavirus
C. perfringens
S. aureus
B. cereus
Giardia
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16
Q

Common cause of traveller’s diarrhea

17
Q

ETEC

A

expresses ST/LT (heat labile toxin)

18
Q

Hambuger disease

A

EHEC - Shiga-like toxin

19
Q

Shiga toxin

A

inactivates ribosomes - affects enterocytes and endothelial cells in kidney glomeruli

20
Q

HUS therapy

A

supportive

no evidence for antibiotics - may result in cell lysis syndrome

21
Q

Salmonella typhi virulence factors

A

Vi capsular polysaccharide - prevents phagocytosis
(also a component in vaccine)

can also colonize in gallbladder - difficult to eradicate

22
Q

S. typhi tx

A

widespread antibiotic resistance

ciprofloxacin / 3rd gen cephalosporin, e.g. ceftriaxone

23
Q

Campylobactor jejuni

A

most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in BC
found in almost all poultry
usually self-limiting, otherwise use macrolides/fluoroquinolones

24
Q

Giardia lamblia pathophys

A

flattening of villi, loss of SA for absorption
results in intestinal fat malabsorption
NOT invasive - does not cause fever

25
Giardia lamblia tx
metronidazole
26
Entamoeba hystolica tx
metronidazole for trophozoite | intra-luminal agent (iodoquinol/paromomycin) for cysts
27
Cryptosporidium parvum
fecal-oral - pools/body of water most affect immunocompromised patients healthy host: self-limiting immunocompromised: can be severe with profuse watery diarrhea for weeks
28
Cryptosporidium parvum tx
limited options | new drug nitazoxanide - some success
29
Entamoeba histolytica dx
cannot distinguish from E. dispar with stool microscopy | need PCR/ELISA on fresh stool
30
Cryptosporidium parvum dx
stool microscopy | may need special acid-fast stain
31
C. difficile tx
mild/moderate - flagyl + oral vanco more severe: may need surgery stool transplant