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GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gram stain of Shigella

A

Gram negative rods

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2
Q

List the 4 species of Shigella

A
  • dysenteriae (worst)
  • boydeii
  • sonnei
  • flexneri
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3
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of GI infection with Shigella

A

Bloody Diarrhea (dysenteriae sp worst)

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4
Q

Which bacteria causing GI infection is known to be contracted via MSM

A

Shigella

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5
Q

What is the triad of symptoms seen in Shigella infection?

A
  • abd pain
  • tenesmus
  • bloody diarrhea
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6
Q

Shigella diarrhea is usually self-limiting, however in severe infections which antibiotics can be used ?

A
  • Bactrim
  • Cephalosporins
  • Quinolones
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7
Q

What is the criteria for returning to work/school to reduce risk of spread for a patient with Shigella infection?

A
  • no diarrhea for 24hrs
    OR//
  • 3 negative stool tests
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8
Q

What is the gram stain for Salmonella ?

A

Gram negative rods

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9
Q

What is Salmonella usually contracted from?

A

eggs, poultry

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10
Q

True or False
Treating Salmonella with antibiotics can make the situation worst before it gets better

A

True

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11
Q

Why is Salmonella a Class 1 disease

A

Because it can cause Enteric/Typhoid fever

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12
Q

What is the role of the GN Broth when isolating Salmonella and SHigella

A

To get rid of normal gram positive flora and promote the growth of the gram negative shigella and salmonella

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13
Q

What specimen is collected for Shigella and Salmonella testing, and what should be done to the sample if delay to the lab is anticipated ?

A

Stool Sample
- should be placed in buffered glycerol saline

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14
Q

How is the specimen for Shigella and Salmonella testing processed- list the steps and media used ?

A
  • placed in GNBroth first
  • then incubated
  • then innoculated in MacConkey’s Agar and XLD
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15
Q

List three lactose fermenters (pink on MacConkey)

A

Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

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16
Q

List three non-lactose fermenters (yellow on MAcConkey)

A

Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus

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17
Q

What is the difference seen with the reaction with XLD (Xylose, Lysine Deoxycholate) with Shigella and Salmonella

A

Shigella does not ferment xylose - colonies remain pink
Salmonella ferments the xylose to yellow and also reduces thiosulfate to H2S producing black dots . (note after the salmonella ferments all the xylose the colonies will turn pink but still have the black centres)

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18
Q

Describe the Kligler’s reaction for Salmonella non-typhi species

A

Alkaline slant- pink
Acid butt- yellow
gas produced
H2S lots of black dots
urease negative - straw coloured

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19
Q

Describe the Kligler reaction for the Salmonella Typhi species

A

Alkaline slant- pink
Acid butt- yellow
no gas produced
H2S small amount of black dots
urease negative - straw coloured

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20
Q

Describe the Kligler reaction for Shigella

A

Alkaline slant- pink
Acid butt- yellow
no gas produced
H2Sno black dots
urease negative - straw coloured

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21
Q

Antigen Serological tests can be used to distinguish between Salmonella Non-Typhi and Typhi, what is the difference

A

H, O and Vi antigen are detected
Non-Typhi: H+, O+, Vi -
Typhi: H+, O+, Vi+

22
Q

What is the gram stain of Staphylococcus Aureus ?

A

Gram postive cocci in clusters

23
Q

What is the source of Gi infection with Staphylococcus ?

A

protein containing food: meat, dairy, potato salad

24
Q

Describe the colonies of staphylococcus seen on blood agar

A

small cream colonies

25
Describe the symptoms seen in Gi infection with Staphylococcus Aureus
Sudden onset 2-7hrs watery diarrhea and vomiting , resolves in 24hrs
26
Describe the gram stain of Campylobacter jejui
Gram Negative curved (gull wing) Bacilli
27
What can be observed in wet prep of campylobacter jejuni?
cork-screw motility
28
What are the oxygen requirements for Campylobacter jejuni?
Microaerophile
29
CAmpylobacter jejuni can only be grown on which agar ?
Campylobacter blood agar, at high temps 40oC
30
What s the source of campylobacter jejuni?
undercooked chicken sick pets
31
What can be observed on the campylobacter blood agar ?
water droplet looking grey colonies
32
Campylobacter Jejuni is susceptible to which antibiotic ?
Quinolone- Nalidixic Acid 30mcg
33
Which bacteria is associated with "fried rice syndrome"
Bacillus Cerus
34
What is the gram stain of Bacillus Cerus ?
Gram Positiive bacilli
35
Which bacteria has the shortest onset time for symptoms in GI Infection?
Bacillus Cerus (1-5hrs)
36
What is the gram stain for Vibrio Cholerae?
Gram negative curved rods
37
Which bacteria is associated with rice water stool?
Vibrio Cholerea
38
What is the source of Vibrio Cholerae
Seafood
39
What medium is used to grow vibrio cholerea and what can be observed?
TCBS - thiosulphate Citrate Bile salts Yellow colonies
40
What is the gram stain of E.Coli ?
Gram negative bacilli
41
What is the source of E.Coli?
undercooked meat spoiled milk
42
What can be observed on MacConkey's agar with E. Coli?
Flat dry lactose fermenters (pink)
43
List the 5 types of GI pathology associated with E.Coli infection
- enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC): bloody - Enteroinvasive (EIEC): bloody - enteropathogenic (EPEC) :pediatrics - Enterotoxigenic :travelers (Ciprofloxacin-fluoroquinolone)
44
The O15H7 antigen is associated with which type of E.Coli Gi infection
Enterohaemorrhagic This strain does not ferment sorbital (straw coloured) all other strains ferment sorbitol and will turn pink
45
What is the gram stain of listeria ?
Gram positive bacilli
46
Which bacteria is associated with meningitis with the fetus if infected with a pregnant female
Listeria What are the sources of listeria ?
47
Which bacteria in GI infections has the longest incubation period of 5days to 5 weeks?
Listeria
48
What is the gram stain of C Difficile
Gram positive rod
49
What are the oxygen requirements of C Difficile ?
Obligate anaerobe
50
What is the treatment for c difficile ?
IV Vancomycine (strictly gram positive coverage ) Fidaxomicin is the Gold standard but in JA we give Vancomycin
51
What culture medium is used to grow C Difficile?
Blood Agar , CCF Agar (Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar)
52

Pathology (7 decks)

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