GI Formative Flashcards
A 45 year old man undergoes gastrectomy for treatment of a benign ulcer.
Which of the following hormones is likely to be most deficient as a result?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Gastrin
C. Motilin
D. Secretin
E. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
B)Gatrin
A 34 year old man undergoes pH monitoring of his stomach as part of a
physiology trial. The pH of his gastric secretions is found to be 1.0.
What mechanism is responsible for achieving this?
A. Hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase pumps
B. UDP-Glucuronyl transferase
C. Alpha-amylase
D. Endopeptidase
E. Lipase
A) Hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase
- A digestive tract enzyme may be initially released in an inactive form.
What is the best term to describe this compound?
A. Enterokinase
B. Enzyme
C. Polypeptide
D. Protease
E. Zymogen
E. Zymogen
A 19 year old man eats a large bar of white chocolate. Which of the following digestive processes is most important to promote digestion of this food? A. Conjugation B. Emulsification C. Enterohepatic circulation D. Enterohepatic circulation E. Phosphorylation
B.Emulsification
A 34 year old woman with jaundice undergoes investigation. Blood tests
reveal a raised indirect serum bilirubin, and a normal direct serum bilirubin.
Urinalysis reveals absent urine bilirubin and an increased urobilinogen. Stool
tests identify increased urobilinogen.
Which is the most likely explanation?
A. Cholestasis
B. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
C. Haemolytic anaemia (correct answer)
D. Sepsis causing hepatocellular congestion
E. Viral hepatitis
C. Haemolytic anaemia
A 45 year old man develops moderate diarrhoea after food poisoning. Which of the following combinations of blood electrolyte disturbance is most likely? pH Chloride Potassium respectively A. Low High High B. Low High Low C. Low Low High D. High High Low E. High Low High
Correct answer is B
A 50 year old man presents to accident and emergency complaining of a 3
month history of epigastric pain and a 2 day history of a very high volume of
vomiting.
What is the most likely anatomic site of bowel obstruction to cause this
symptom?
A. Mid-oesophagus
B. Gastro-oesophageal junction
C. Third part of the duodenum
D. Distal ileum
E. Sigmoid colon
c. Third part of the duodenum
A 45 year old woman has surgical removal of her distal ileum to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following enzymes is she at risk of becoming deficient in? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B1 C. Vitamin B5 D. Vitamin B6 E. Vitamin C
A. Vitamin A
A 24 year old man has an inherited defect and is unable to produce intrinsic factor. The absorption of which of the following substances is most likely to be impaired? A. Bile salts B. Free amino acids C. Glucose D. Vitamin B12 E. Water
D. Vitamin B12
1. A 24 year old woman contracts Cholera while on holiday, and develops very severe diarrhoea. To which receptor does the cholera toxin bind to cause this symptom? A. Histamine B. Motilin C. Secretin D. Somatostatin E. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
C. Secretin
A 30 year old man presents acutely with jaundice. He has been complaining
of intermittent right hypochondrial pain and nausea for several months, but
the pain has worsened, his urine is darker than usual and his stools pale.
Which imaging test is most appropriate in the first instance?
A. Abdominal ultrasound
B. Abdominal radiograph
C. Computed tomography
D. Positron emission tomography
E. Isotope liver scintigraphy
A) Abdominal ultrasound
A 45 year old man is stabbed in the lower chest. The knife cuts most of the
vagus nerve fibres around the oesophagus. He makes a good recovery.
Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of this nerve injury?
A. Delayed gastric emptying
B. Increased gastrin secretion
C. Increased intestinal peristalsis
D. Increased pancreatic enzyme production
E. Reduced bile production
A. Delayed gastric emptying
14. A 40 year old man has a total colectomy to treat a colonic carcinoma. The operation is curative. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of this operation? A. Excessive water retention B. Hyponatraemia C. Reduced absorption of Vitamin A D. Constipation E. Reduced glucose absorption
B). Hyponatraemia when the lelvel of sodium in blood is abnormally low - sodium is absorbed in colon
A 40 year old patient presents with explosive watery diarrhoea. Stool cultures
are negative for infectious agents. An abdominal ultrasound and computed
tomography scan reveals a mass in the pancreas, which is found to be a
VIPoma, a pancreatic islet cell tumour.
Which of the following biochemical abnormalities is most likely to be found?
A. Alkalosis
B. Decreased mucosal cell cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)
C. Increased bicarbonate secretion
D. Hypernatraemia
E. Increased bilirubi
C.) Increased bicarbinate secretion
A 70 year old man presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and abdominal
distension. He reports absolute constipation. An abdominal radiograph shows
multiple dilated loops of bowel.
Which of the following findings on abdominal xray would be in keeping with
small bowel obstruction?
A. Peripheral distribution of loops of bowel
B. Haustral mucosal folds
C. Wide angle of curvature of loops of bowel
D. Central distribution of loops of bowel
E. Relatively few loop
D.) Central distribution of loops of bowel