GI: Esophageal Pathologies

Question 1

Transmural, usually distal esophageal rupture due to violent retching; Surgical Emergency.

Answer 1

Boerhaave Syndrome

Question 2

Infiltration of Eosinophils in the Esophagus in Atopic Patients.
Food Allergens –> dysphagia, heartburn, strictures. Unresponsive to GERD therapy.

Answer 2

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Question 3

Associated with Lye ingestion and Acid Reflux.

Answer 3

Esophageal strictures

Question 4

Painless bleeding of dilated submucosal veins in lower 1/3 of Esophagus, Secondary to Portal Hypertension.

Answer 4

Esophageal Varices

Question 5

Associated w/ Reflus, Infection in immunocompromised
(Candida: white pseudomembrane; HSV-1: Punched-out ulcers;
CMV: linear ulcers) or
Chemical ingestion.

Answer 5

Esophagitis

Question 6

Commonly presents as heartburn and regurgitation upon lying down.
May also present w/ nocturnal cough and dyspnea, adult-onset asthma.
Decrease in LES tone.

Answer 6

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 7

Mucosal lacerations at the Gastroesophageal junction due to severe vomiting.
Leads to hematemesis.
Usually found in Alcoholics and Bulimics

Answer 7

Mallord-Weiss Syndrome

Question 8

Triad of: Dysphagia, Iron deficiency anemia, and Glossitis

Answer 8

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Question 9

Esophageal smooth muscle atrophy –> decreased LES pressure and Dymotility –> Acid reflux and Dysphagia –> Stricture, Barrett esophagus, and Aspiration.
Part of CREST Syndrome

Answer 9

Sclerodermal esophageal dysmotility