GI Esophageal

Question 1

What are the 2 most common causes of GERD?

Answer 1

1. Weak LES
2. Increased frequency of transient LES relaxations

Other factors: hiatal hernia, delayed gastric emptying, gastric hyperacidity, increased abdominal pressure.

Question 2

What are the extra esophageal manifestations of GERD?

Answer 2

asthma, cough, laryngitis

Question 3

In patients with GERD, what are the indications for endoscopy?

Answer 3

1. GI bleeding
2. Weight loss
3. Persistent sxs despite max therapy
4. Dysphagia
5. Odynophagia
6. persistent nausea vomiting
7. abnormal imaging
8. recurrent sxs after surgery