GI: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Gut Tube

A
  • 3 regions
    • Foregut
      • from head fold
    • Midgut
      • mostly from lateral folds
    • Hindgut
      • from tail fold
  • Endoderm
    • forms most epithelium and glands
  • Ectoderm
    • forms epithelial at cranial and caudal ends
  • Splanchic Mesoderm
    • forms muscles and connectives tissues
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2
Q

Derivatives of foregut

A
  • Pharynx & pouch derivatives
  • Thyroid
  • Lower respiratory system
    • trachea
    • bronchi
    • lungs
  • Esophagus
  • stomach
  • duodenum (proximal to bile duct)
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • biliary apparatus (hepatic duct and bile duct)
  • pancreas
  • Digestive organs supplied by celiac trunk
    • except for most of esophagus
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3
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Develops caudal to pharynx
  • 7th week=final week
  • Pharyngeal arch mesoderm
    • forms superior esophagus
    • striated muscle
  • Splanchic Mesoderm
    • inferior esophagus
    • smooth muscle
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4
Q

Stomach

A
  • Appears 4th week as spindle shaped dilation
  • Dorsal border (Abdominal wall) grows faster than ventral
    • forms greater and lesser curvature
  • Rotates 90 degress clockwise around carniocaudal axis
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5
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A
  • Marked thickening of circular pyloric muscles
  • affects 1:150 males, 1:750 Females
  • projectile vomiting
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6
Q

Duodenum

A
  • Develops from:
    • distal foregut
    • proximal midgut
  • Supplied by celiac and Superior Mesentary artery
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7
Q

Umbilical Hernia

A
  • imperfect closed umbilicus after intestines return to abdominal cavity
  • range:; 1-5 cm diameter
  • Affects 15-23% newborn in US
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8
Q

Ileal Diverticulum

A
  • aka Meckel Diverticulum
  • Remnant of proximal omphaloenteric duct
  • becomes inflamed
    • mimics symptoms of appendicitis
  • 2-4% people
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9
Q

Anal Canal

A
  • Cloaca becomes:
    • rectum
    • superior 2/3 anal canal
  • Proctodeum–>inferior 1/3 anal canal
  • Pectinate Line
    • ectoderm-endoderm junction
    • site of seperation for vascular and neural supplly of anal canal
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10
Q

Clinical: Anal Canal

A
  • Superior anal canal
    • endodermal hindgut
    • autonomic nerves
    • Hemorrhoids-internal
      • venous drainage–>hepatic portal system
      • Painless
    • Tumors:
      • inferior mesenteric nodes in abdominopevlic cavity
      • Painless
  • Inferior anal canal
    • ectodermal proctodeum
    • somatic nerves
    • Hemorrhoids-external
      • venous drainage–>vena cava
      • painful
    • Tumors:
      • Superficial inguinal nodes in groin
      • painful
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