GI Drugs Flashcards
Omeprazole
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Hyperacidity & Ulcers
2) Irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)
Esomerprazole
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Hyperacidity & Ulcers
2) Irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)
Lansoprazole
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Hyperacidity & Ulcers
2) Irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)
Famotidine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Nocturnal Acid Secretion & Duodenal Ulcers
2) Blocks baseline acid secretion maintained by ECL cells (histamine)
Ranitidine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Nocturnal Acid Secretion & Duodenal Ulcers
2) Blocks baseline acid secretion maintained by ECL cells (histamine)
Cimetidine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Nocturnal Acid Secretion & Duodenal Ulcers
2) Blocks baseline acid secretion maintained by ECL cells (histamine) *Decreases CYP metabolism
Misoprostol
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Prevent NSAID induced injury d/t COX-1 inhibition 2)acts on prostaglandin E receptors (EP3) to activate mucus & bicarb production in epithelial cells of GI and blocks cAMP production thereby decreasing H+ secretion by parietal cells Contraindicated in PREGNANCY!
Sucralfate
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Stress Ulcers (like a bandaid)
2) Sticky neutral pH polymer coating that swells & covers the epithelium of GI tract
Aluminum Hydroxide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Gastric Acid reduction
2) Neutralizes the pH of gastric contents-delays emptying & slow motility
Magnesium Hydroxide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Gastric Acid reduction
2) Neutralizes the pH of gastric contents-stimulates emptying & motility
Calcium Carbonate
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Gastric Acid reduction
2) Neutralizes the pH of gastric contents
Tegaserod
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) IBS in females, chronic constipation, bloating
2) Partial 5-HT4 agonist-Stimulate serotonin receptors (5-HT4) in the gastric epithelium causing release of serotonin from ECL cells & stimulation of primary afferent neurons FATAL cardiac arrhythmias
Cisapride
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) GERD, gastroparesis
2) 5-HT4 agonist and adenylate cyclase stimulant (increased cAMP-Stimulate serotonin receptors (5-HT4) in the gastric epithelium causing release of serotonin from ECL cells & stimulation of primary afferent neurons FATAL cardiac arrhythmias
Bethanechol
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Enhance GI motility
2) Cholinergic agonist-selectively activate M2/M3 receptors to stimulate GI smooth muscle constriction
Neostigmine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Ileus
2) Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor-inhibits AChE so ACh can stimulate constriction of GI smooth muscle
Metaclopramide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)GERD, N/V in dysmotility syndromes, laxative, induced nausea
2)Dopamine2 Receptor antagonist-blocks D2 so increases ACh release which increases lower esophageal sphincter tone & upper Gi motility
Centrally acts on CTZ center
Erythromycin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Ileus, Acute pseudo-obstructions
2) Imitate motilin, a peptide hormone that amplifies motor activity through enteric neurons & smooth muscle
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Constipation
2) Osmotic Laxative-Non-absorbable agents that cause water retention
Magnesium hydroxide/sulfate/citrate
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Constipation
2) Osmotic Laxative-Non-absorbable agents that cause water retention, may also stimulate CCK receptors & increase motility
Lactulose/Sorbitol/Mannitol
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Opioid-associated Constipation
2) Osmotic Laxative-Non-absorbable agents that cause water retention
Glycerin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Constipation
2) Osmotic laxative when given RECTALLY
Docusate Salt
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Constipation
2) Stool wetting agent-surfactants that mix fatty substances & water in stool
Bisacodyl
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Constipation
2) Irritant-induces moderate inflammation leading to decreased water absorption and increased motility
Methylcellulose
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Regular soft stools
2) fiber-based bulk forming material stimulates peristalsis/mass action Good for constipation & diarrhea
Psyllium
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Regular soft stools
2) fiber-based bulk forming material stimulates peristalsis/mass action Good for constipation & diarrhea
Polycarbophil
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Regular soft stools
2) fiber-based bulk forming material stimulates peristalsis/mass action Good for constipation & diarrhea
Diphenoxylate
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Diarrhea
2) Opioid receptor agonists-reduce motility to increase transit time & water absorption has CNS effects, usually packaged w/Atropine
Loperamide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Diarrhea
2) Opioid receptor agonists-reduce motility to increase transit time & water absorption
Octreotide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Diarrhea d/t hormone secreting tumors, chemotherapy, or post-surgical dumping syndrome
2) Somatostatin Analog-reduces secretion of GI hormones
Bismuth Subsalicylate
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) H.Pylori treatment
2) Unabsorbed anti-inflammatory & anti-microbial agent
Alosetron
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Diarrhea dominat Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
2) 5-HT3 Antagonist
Ondasetron
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Chemotherapy induced N/V
2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers
Granisetron
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Chemotherapy induced N/V
2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers
Dolasetron
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Chemotherapy induced N/V
2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers
Palanosetron
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Chemotherapy induced N/V
2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers PARENTERAL use only
Prochlorperazine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) N/V (some motion sickness benefits)
2) D2 selective in CTZ and H1 receptors (of inner ear)
Chlorpromazine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) N/V (some motion sickness benefits)
2) D2 selective in CTZ and H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)
Cyclizine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis
2) H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)
Promethazine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis
2) H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)
Diphenhydramine (Dimenhydrinate)
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis
2) H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)
Scopalamine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis
2) Anticholinergic- Muscarinic receptor antagonist (of inner ear)
Predisone
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Acute exacerbations or Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis/Crohn’s)
2) Block Immune & Inflammatory response
Budesonide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Acute exacerbations or Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis/Crohn’s)
2) Block Immune & Inflammatory response
* Oral as a topical treatment in the bowel*
Azathioprine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Maintain remission of UC/CD
2) Immunosuppressant- inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting purine nucleotide synthesis
Adalimumab
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Maintain remission of UC/CD
2) Immunosuppressant- Fully human antibody to TNF alpha
