AntiNeoplastic Drugs Flashcards
Mechloethamine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm
2) DNA Alkylating/Damaging agent, binds guanine
* IV only administration*
Cyclophosphamide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm
2) DNA Alkylating/Damaging agent, binds guanine
* PO administration-less reactive prodrug*
Nitrosourea
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Brain Tumors
2) DNA Alkylating agent
* Little cross reaction w/other Alkylating agents*
Methotrexate
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm
2) Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) Inhibitor
6-Mercaptopurine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Neoplasm
2)Purine antagonists- activated by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) causes fraudulent nucleotide base incorporation
Inhibits de novo purine synthesis
6-thioguanine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Neoplasm
2)Purine antagonists- activated by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) causes fraudulent nucleotide base incorporation
Inhibits de novo purine synthesis
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Colorectal CA
2) Pyrimidine Antagonists- 5-FU metabolite, fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) inhibits thymidylate synthetase which stops the production of thiamine nucleotides
* Co-administered w/Leucovorin=synergistic toxicity*
Capecitabine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Colon & Breast CA
2) Pyrimidine antagonists- Prodrug of 5-FU activated by thymidine phosphorylase
Gemcitabine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm (Broad Spectrum)
2) Pyrimidine Antagonists- inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (RNR)
Daunorubicin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm (Broad Spectrum)
2) Anthracycline- anti-tumor antibody that inhibits DNA synthesis by intercalating between base pairs of the DNA strand
Doxorubicin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm (Broad Spectrum)
2) Anthracycline- anti-tumor antibody that inhibits DNA synthesis by intercalating between base pairs of the DNA strand
Bleomycin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Neoplasm (Broad Spectrum)
2) Anthracycline- anti-tumor antibody that breaks DNA strands (DNA strand scission)
Vinblastine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
2) Mitotic Spindle Poison (Vinca Alkaloid)- binds tubulin inhibiting microtubule elongation causing mitotic arrest in metaphase (M-phase)
Vincristine
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Acute Childhood Leukemia
2) Mitotic Spindle Poison (Vinca Alkaloid)- binds tubulin inhibiting microtubule elongation causing mitotic arrest in metaphase (M-phase)
Paclitaxel
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Ovarian and Advanced Breast CA
2) Mitotic Spindle Poison (Taxane)- enhances tubulin polymerizaton blocking microtubule disassembly
Cisplatin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Ovarian and Testicular CA
2) Platinum Coordinated Complexes- DNA crosslinking agent that inhibits DNA synthesis
Tamoxifen
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Female & Male Breast CA, Uterine endometrium CA
2) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)- competitive inhibitor of estrogen binding to estrogen receptors, also works as a partial estrogen receptor agonist
Raloxifen
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Prevention of Breast CA in osteoporosis pts
2Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)- competitive inhibitor of estrogen binding to estrogen receptors, also works as a partial estrogen receptor agonist
Letrozole
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Estrogen Receptor(+) Breast CA
2) Aromatase inhibitors- inhibits conversion of androgens to estrogens (especially in postmenopausal women)
Leuprolide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Prostate CA (continuous high doses)
2) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist (on pituitary), causes negative feedback to hypothalamus and decreases androgen production
Flutamide
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Prostate CA (w/leuprolide)
2) Androgen receptor antagonist- blocks initial pulse of androgen levels @ start of leuprolide
Prednisone
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Inducing remission & Mutlidrug therapy for Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma, Palliative
2) Adrenocorticosteroids- inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells
Erlotinib
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Non-small cell lung CA
2)Targeted agent inhibits the function of activated oncogenes/proteins necessary for tumor cell proliferation/angiogenesis
Kinase inhibitor- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor
Imatinib
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
2)Targeted agent inhibits the function of activated oncogenes/proteins necessary for tumor cell proliferation/angiogenesis
Kinase inhibitor of ABL protein tyrosine kinase and activated BCR-ABL fusion protein
Vermuratenib
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)B-Raf V600E mutant melanomas
2)Targeted agent inhibits the function of activated oncogenes/proteins necessary for tumor cell proliferation/angiogenesis
Kinase inhibitor of B-Raf protein serine/threonine kinase
Cetuximab
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1)Colon CA, Head and Neck CA
2)Humanized antibody that kills cells by direct immune-system mediated mechanisms
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody
Brentuximab vedotin
1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action
1) Hodgkin lymphoma, Anaplastic Large cell Lymphoma
2) Humanized anti-CD-30 IgG antibody conjugated to a highly toxic mitotic spindle poison (vedotin) w/ cleavable linker (brings toxin into the tumor cell)
