GI Drugs Flashcards
Name two PPIs
omeprazole
lansoprazole
Name two mucosal protectant agents
sucralfate
bismuth subsalicylate
Name four histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 Blockers)
cimetidine
ranitidine
nizatidine
famotidine
Name two antacids
aluminum hydroxide
calcium carbonate
Indication for prochlorperazine
nausea (motion sickness)
Indication for dronabinol
nausea
Indication for metoclopramide
nausea
~speeds gastric emptying
~crosses BBB
~black box warning for tardive dyskinesia
Indication for ondansetron
nausea (chemotherapy, hyperemesis gravidarum)
Name two antispasmodic/promotility agents
dicyclomine
hyoscyamine
Indication and MOA of:
psyllium
polycarbophil
methylcellulose
constipation
bulk-forming agents
Indication and MOA of:
docusate
constipation
surfactants/stool softeners
Indication and MOA of:
mineral oil, glycerin
constipation
lubricants
Indication and MOA of: milk of magnesia phosphosoda polyethylene glycol magnesium citrate
constipation
osmotic agents
Indication and MOA of:
bisacodyl
senna
castor oil
constipation
stimulants
Indication and method of use of:
sodium phosphate
constipation
enema
Indication and drug class of: lactulose, sorbitol
constipation
sugar alcohol/synthetic sugar
Indication and MOA of:
diphenoxylate
loperamide
paregoric
diarrhea
antiperistaltic agents
What drug is used daily to prevent hepatic encephalopathy?
lactulose
What antiemetic can be useful in stimulating appetite and reducing nausea in chemotherapy, AIDS, and anorexia patients?
marinol
How can you differentiate between osmotic and secretory diarrhea?
osmotic (e.g. lactose intolerance): diarrhea stops when offending agent is stopped
secretory: (e.g. bacterial/viral infections): continues even if no oral food intake
Name two bile acid sequestrants
cholestyramine, colestipol
Indication for bile acid sequestrants?
• Diarrhea associated with excess fecal bile acids
S/p cholecystectomy
• Bile acid malabsorption causes secretory diarrhea
Warning when using bile acid sequestrants
- Can bind to other drugs (digoxin, warfarin, fat soluble vitamins)
- Therefore give other meds one hour before or four hours after
In what situations should diarrhea NOT be treated with Imodium?
Avoid Imodium in those with fever and/or bloody stools
• With certain pathogens, increase risk of hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Acute flare of ulcerative colitis
• Risk of toxic megacolon
Warnings when using milk of mag/mag citrate
Warnings:
• Those with renal failure should not receive Mg (toxic from accumulation)
• Avoid in cardiac disease, pts on diuretics
• May exacerbate pre‐existing electrolyte abnormalities
H2 blockers can be used on a PRN basis.
T/F
True. In contrast to PPI therapy, these drugs can be used on a prn basis.
PPIs can be used on a PRN basis.
T/F
FALSE.
Take 15‐60 minutes before breakfast (empty stomach), then make sure to eat.
How might you be able to differentiate gastric and duodenal ulcers based on how the pain timing is related to eating?
Gastric ulcer: usually epigastric pain is worse with eating
Duodenal ulcer: usually epigastric pain occurs 1-3 hours after a meal; pain may be relieved by eating
