GI Drugs

Question 1

4 Acid Reduction drug types

Answer 1

1. Antacids
2. Long term Acid Reducers
3. PPI, proton pump inhibitor
4. Mucosal Protectors

Question 2

Antacids use, how long it lasts, when to give, what to avoid

Answer 2

-block acid secretions
-for GERD
-short term
-anti-acids are anti mixing, take 1hr before or after other meds
-can’t give over counter meds or antacids to HF patients, meds have Na= swelling

Question 3

Antacids names

Answer 3

SCAM
S: sodium bicarb
C: calcium carbonate—> constipation
A: aluminum hydroxide —> constipation
M: magnesium hydroxide —> diarrhea

Question 4

Long term acid reducers use, how long it lasts, when to give

Answer 4

-H2 reducers, decrease avid secretions
-lasts 24 hours but not for immediate use (use antiacids)
-take 30 min before eating “dine”

Question 5

Long term acid reducers name

Answer 5

-tedine ( renatedine, femotedine)

Question 6

Proton Pump Inhibitor,PPI, use and side effects

Answer 6

-decreases acid secretions to decrease heart burn
-used to prevent stress ulcer,protect lining of gut,hole in gut
PPP
-P: prevents holes/ulcers inside body, prophylactic
-P: porous bones, causes osteoporosis need bone density tests
-P: possible GI infections, screen for C-diff and gut infection

Question 7

Proton Pump Inhibitor names

Answer 7

-prazole
-omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantiprazole

Question 8

Mucosal protectants use and when to take

Answer 8

-protective layer over ulcer/hole to protect from stomach acid
-foods and meds only taken 1-2h before or after med is taken, not taken with other meds

Question 9

Mucosal Protectants name, risk

Answer 9

-sucralfate
-misoprostol, huge risk for miscarriage, reliable birth control needed

Question 10

Lactulose use and what makes meds effective

Answer 10

-given for foggy brain in clients with liver cirrhosis (disease/failure)
-helps decrease ammonia levels inside blood through loose bowel
-cognition/mental status improves= meds effective
-

Question 12

Sodium Polystyrene use

Answer 12

-decrease hyper K or 5.0, helpd large intestine rove excess K

Question 13

Anti inflammatory agent for bowels name and use

Answer 13

Sulfasalazine
-for Crohns disease, IBD, ulcer colitis
-decreases colon inflammation

Question 15

Sulfasalazine, sulfa drug side effects

Answer 15

-expect yellow, orange discolouration in skin and urine
-danger side effects of sulfa drugs:
1. Photosensitivity, huge risk for sunburn
2. Urine crystals, monitor for kidney stones, drink fluids
3. Low urine output, specific gravity over 1.03 risk for dehydration
4. Creatinine over 1.3
5. Impairment of folic acid absorption, take 1mg of folic acid

Question 16

Anti-spasmatics name

Answer 16

Dicyclomine

Question 17

Anti-spasmatics name and usage

Answer 17

-too many loose stools/ day, for IBS
-dicyclomine

Question 19

Dicyclomine usage, side effects, contraindications

Answer 19

-helps bowel dry out, given for loose watery stool
-expected side effects: constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth
-contraindications: not for paralytic ileus, glaucoma, anti cholinergic, avoid clients with full bladder

Question 20

Anti-emetics names and usage

Answer 20

-ondancetron
-metoxlopramide
-prevents nausea and vomiting

Question 21

Ondansetron adverse effects that will kill client

Answer 21

-torsades de pointes, treat with Mg
-serotonin syndrome: too much serotonin esp with ssri, watch out for muscle rigidity, tachycardia, HTN, agitation

Question 22

Metoclopramide effects and contraindications

Answer 22

-increase bowel motility to prevent vomiting, increase contractility in intestine
-contraindications: gi bleed, ulcers, holes, when people have EPS (tardive dyskinesia, lip smacking, puffy cheeks)