Drug Toxicity And Antidotes Flashcards
drug toxicity and s+s of toxicity: Lithium
Bipolar med
Toxic= 1.5 or more
S+S: extreme thirst, excessive urination, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration
drug toxicity and s+s of toxicity: digoxin
Heart Failure med
Toxicity= 2.0 or more
S+S: D+D, dizziness (lightheaded), difficulty reading (seeing), vision changes (colour changes, fuzzy vision, trouble reading
drug toxicity and s+s of toxicity: Theophylline
Asthma, bronchitis drug
Toxicity= 20 or more
S+S: T for tonic clonic seizures, educate client of seizure risk
drug toxicity and s+s of toxicity: Phenytoin
Anti-seizure med
Toxicity= 20 or more
S+S: ataxia (unable to walk), unstable gate, hand tremour, slurred speech
Usual signs of toxicity
Nausea and vomitting
Opioid drug names, function and antidote
Hydromorphone, oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl
Function: make vitals low and slow, resp. Depression
Antidote: naloxone, give every 30-60min
Benzos, drug names, function and antidote
-pam,-lam
Function: make vitals low and slow
Antidote: Flumzenil
Magnesium Sulphate function and antidote
Function: for clients in labour
Antidote: calcium gluconate
Heparin function, antidote, lab value to check/range
Function: anticoagulant blood thinner
Antidote: Protamine Sulphate
Check INR (2-3)
Warfarin function, antidote, lab value to check/range
Function: anticoagulant blood thinner
Antidote: vitamin K “warkin”
Check PTT (46-70)
Heparin vs Warfarin
Heparin works faster, warfarin works slower
What lab value to check warfarin and the range
Check INR (2-3), if have mechanical heart (2.5-3.5)
Vitamins or herbal supplements to avoid on blood thinners
EGOS
E: vitamin E
G: anythign that starts with G, ginseng, ginko, garlic
O: omega 3 fish oil
S: St. John’s wart
3 Types of blood thinners
- Anti platelets: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (aspirin), clopidogrel
- Anticoagulant: Heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin
- Thrombolytics(clot busters): tPa, -ase
What drugs lowers platelet
Blood thinners with P in the word lowers platelets and lead to increased risk of bleeding
-platelets level under 150,000 is very risky= hold drug
Thrombolytics names, function, when to give, prevention
tPa, -ase
Function: clot buster
Must receive 3-4.5hrs of symptoms
Avoid needles (even abgs)
Avoid giving bleeding patients or surgery in past 2 weeks, active ulcer
Signs of excessive bleeding
-Ecchymosis: bruising
-Black tarry stool
Hematuria: blood tinged urine
Blood thinner client safety
-prevent falls, well lit halls
-brush teeth with soft bristles
-stool softener
-no razor blades use electric shaver
-avoid naproxen (NSAIDS)
-no alcohol
