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Animal Diseases > GI Diseases > Flashcards

GI Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are some ways to classify GI diseases?

A
  • Anatomical location
  • Functional vs Mechanical
  • Congenital vs Aquired
  • Inflammatory vs Non-inflammatory
  • Infectious vs Non-infectious
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2
Q

a) Define Halitosis

b) Define Dysphagia

A

a) Bad breath

b) Difficulty eating/swallowing

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3
Q

a) What are oral papillomas?
b) What causes oral papillomas?
c) Who is most commonly affected?

A

a) Frondular masses which appear on the lips, tongue, and oral mucous membranes.
b) Caused by canine papilloma virus.
c) Common in young dogs

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4
Q

What is an oral epulis?

A

A pink fleshy mass on or near a tooth from the periodontal ligament

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5
Q

What is a dentigerous cyst?

A

A firm mass as a result from impacted teeth which is destructive to the surrounding bone.

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6
Q

What is stomatitis?

A

Inflammation of oral mucous membranes

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7
Q

How can you tell if the animal is regurgitating or vomiting?

A

Prodromal signs, abdominal contractions, bile, and closure of the glottis only happens with vomit, not regurge.

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8
Q

Name some pro-dromal signs

A

Drooling, licking lips, yawns, restlessness

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9
Q

If a patient had a mesaesophagus are they more likely to vomit, or regurgitate?

A

Regurge

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10
Q

Severe enteritis, GI forgein body obstrction, GI torsion, and a perforated GI ulcer can all lead to what?

A

Acute abdomen

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11
Q

a) What is peritonitis?

b) What are some diseases peritonitis may be secondary to?

A

a) Inflammation of peritoneum (abdominal lining).

b) Infection, Ruptured GI tract, Ruptured gallbladder, Ruptured bladder, Pancreatitis

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12
Q

True or False:

Peritonitis is a possible complication of abdominal surgery and typically has a poor prognosis.

A

True

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13
Q

What is “ileus”?

A

Temporary cessation of peristlsis of the intestines as a complication of abdominal surgery

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14
Q

What is acute gastritis?

A

Inflammation of stomach (sometimes including the intestines)

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15
Q

What are some clinical signs of acute gastritis?

A 
Decrease appetite
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Dehydration
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16
Q

There are 5 different types of GI obstructions, what are they and give a short description.

A

1) Intusseception = portion of intestine fold in on itself (telescopes)
2) Mesenteric torsion = portion of small intestine twists around itself
3) Incarcerations = portion of tract gets trapped within an abdominal structure
4) Gastric Dilation & Volvus (GDV) = stomach becomes enlarged and twists upon itself
5) Linear Forgein Bodies = one end of “string” gets caught under the tongue/pylorus and the other end starts to move through the GI tract and will act like a saw cutting through the intestines

17
Q

True or False:

Intussusception often occurs secondary to hypermotility issues

A

True

18
Q

In which dogs is GDV most common?

A

Deep chested breeds

19
Q

What are some clinical signs of GDV?

A

Vomiting or regurgitation, no appetite, and uncomfortable/painful abdominal palpation

20
Q

How can we diagnose GDV (which tests)?

A

Radiographs or ultrasound

21
Q

What is the difference between gastropexy and gastrotomy?

A

…pexy = stomach is permanetly adhered tot he body wall to prevent twisting

…tomy = incision made through the stomach wall

22
Q

What is an enterotomy?

A

An incision made through intestinal wall

23
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

Removal os a section of intestine and suturing the normal ends back together

24
Q

True or False:

Diarrhea is a diagnosis.

A

False - diarrhea is a clinical sign, NOT a diagnosis

25
Q

What is the difference between types of diarrhea

a) Malabsorptive
b) Secretory
c) Inflammatory

A

a) Gut is unable to absorb nutrients/fluid effectively
b) A pathogen secretes toxins that stimulate epithelial cells to secrete excessive amounts of fluid & electrolytes into the gut lumen
c) Damage occurs to the villi & crypts which affect vascular and lymphatic drainage (=water, electrolytes, and bicarbonate) caused by an infectious origin

26
Q

What is the difference between

a) constipation
b) obstipation

A

a) difficulty having a bowel movement

b) unable to eliminate any feces

27
Q

What is a persistent right aortic arch?

A

Blood vessels that encircle the esophagus that were supposed to regress before birth

28
Q

What the main concern with umbilical hernias?

A

An intestinal loop goes through defect and becomes trapped

29
Q

What is “atresia ani”?

A

The colon does not communicate with the anus

30
Q

What are some clinical signs of liver failure/disease?

A

Anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, petechaie, ascities, photosensitization, jaundice, abdominal pain, and weight loss

31
Q

At what point do patients show sign of liver failure?

A

When the liver is now non-functional

32
Q

What causes pancreatitis?

A

Activation of the digestive enzymes in the pancrease

Animal Diseases (5 decks)

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