GI Disease - Exam 2 Flashcards
What is Eosinophilic Esophagitis? What is the result? What does it present like?
chronic allergic inflammatory condition, with eosinophilic infiltration of the lining of the esophagus
scarring and strictures
odynophagia or dysphagia
May result in food impaction, inability to eat, reflux
What is the dietary approach to Eosinophilic Esophagitis?
remove the food causing the allergy
SFED - Six-Food Elimination Diet
Elemental Diet - Nutrient-rich amino
acid formulas
What are the 6 components of the 6 food eliminating diet? What is the less aggressive approach?
Milk, wheat, eggs, soy, peanuts/tree nuts, fish/shellfish
May also try less aggressive approach (4 foods, 2 foods)
Eliminating cow’s milk alone has slightly lower
success rates but better quality of life and adherence
What is the elemental diet? How long is it recommended to try?
Diet based on nutrient-enriched amino acid formulas
Amino acids mixed with sugars, fats, minerals and vitamins
Meant to totally replace table food and meet nutritional needs
Usually done for a short period (2-6 weeks)
_____ disorder characterized by recurrent retrograde acid reflux into the esophagus. What is the result?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
long-term damage to esophagus
____ is chronic, recurring upper abdominal discomfort. What are some s/s? Is it normally a dx by itself?
Dyspepsia
burning pain, bloating, early satiety, gassiness, nausea
NOT usually a dx by itself, usually a symptoms but if no other s/s are present. FUNCTIONAL dyspepsia is the dx
______ characterized by open sores (ulcers) that form on the mucosal membrane of the stomach or duodenum. What are some causes?
Peptic Ulcer Disease
NSAID use, H. pylori infection, gastrinomas
What types of carbs trigger GI related illnesses? What type of fats? What diet should be encouraged?
avoidance of simple carbs and increase of fiber
High-fat and fried foods may trigger symptoms
Mediterranean Diet
Give some examples of food that pts should avoid with GI illnesses?
Tomato-based foods, citrus foods, carbonated beverages, spicy foods, coffee, tea, tobacco, alcohol, peppermint, fried or fatty foods, large meals, chocolate
What is the effect of alcohol and GI illness?
Greatest risk of ulcer formation in patients who have heavy consumption
>15 drinks/week in men or >8 drinks/week in women
What is the effect of dairy on GI illness?
Fermented dairy products associated with LOWER PUD risk!
What are some lifestyle modifications for GERD?
Small, frequent meals
Avoiding laying down flat after eating
Elevating the head of the bed
Quitting use of tobacco, alcohol, caffeine
Avoiding tight clothing
Weight loss of 10% or more
_____ foods high in non-digestible fiber that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria
prebiotics
______ food containing live commensal organisms (bacteria or yeast) associated with health benefits
probiotics
What are some common strains of probiotics?
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, non-pathogenic strains of E. coli
What kind of probiotics are often seen in fermented dairy products?
Lactobacilli
______ growth encouraged by fructo-oligosaccharides, which are found in prebiotic foods
Bifidobacterium
_____ have a high amount of fiber
______ have live bacteria and yeast
prebiotics
probiotics
What is constipation characterized by? What is considered the cornerstone of tx? What is the goal?
Infrequent stools
Hard stools
Difficult stool passage
Increasing fiber intake is a cornerstone of treatment!
goal of 30/gram of fiber daily, with emphasis on fruit and veggies
_____ are considered an excellent source of fiber. Prunes, in particular, also contain the compound ______. May be associated with increased gas and bloating
Dried fruits
sorbitol
prunes: sorbital: increased gas and bloating
Give some examples of fiber additives. What are the SE?
dextrin, methylcellulose, psyllium, calcium polycarbophil
gas, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain
Need to also have lots of ______ in addition to fiber to help with constipation. What is the goal?
WATER!
1.5-2.0 L of fluid per day, increased physical activity may help promote GI peristalsis
What is considered diarrhea? What is considered chronic diarrhea?
3 or more loose, watery stools per day
if greater than 4 weeks
What is the definition of acute diarrhea? What is the normal cause? What is the recommended tx and diet? How long?
- less than 4 weeks
usually infectious in nature
electrolyte-rich fluids
BRAT(Y) Diet - easy-to-digest, less acidic foods that result in fewer bowel movements
Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast
+/- Yogurt: with active cultures and no sugars/artificial sweeteners
probiotics may be helpful
**Not for long-term - nutritionally incomplete
What is the diet recommendation for chronic diarrhea? Give some examples of things to eat and things to avoid.
low-FODMAP diet
Temporary elimination diet where foods are removed and gradually re-introduced to see which foods are tolerated and which are not
